Bipolar disorder is one of mood disorders and has multifactorial genesis. Pathological mood and related vegetative and psychomotor symptoms form the key content of the clinical state. The etiology of BAD has not been fully elucidated and there are many explanations for occurrence of disease. Bipolar disorder usually begins with depressive episode and is a lifelong disorder. Most patients alternate depressive and manic phases. Treatment of bipolar disorder typically begin with lithium and other mood stabilizers. Antipsychotics in the treatment of bipolar disorder is mostly used in the acute stages and for maintenance treatment. Although classical antipsychotics proved effective they are rarely used because of the many side effects that can be very uncomfortable for the patient and are more commonly used newer atypical. The use of antidepressants in patients with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder is often called into question because of uncertainty in their therapeutic usefulness. As therapeutic options in this disease, antidepressants are always used in combination with mood stabilizers. Psychotherapy as a treatment method can also be used in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder. For patients is the most important in psychotherapy to recognize circumstances in life that can lead to worsening of the disease and thus learn to avoid these stressful situations. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a method of treatment small number of serious patients who do not respond convenient to the pharmacological therapy. The treatment is carried out so as to leak current through the brain in order to induce epileptic seizures, from where comes the name electroconvulsive therapy. In order to facilitate directing the treatments there are guidelines for treatment of BAD, and the most important are APA guidelines and NICE guidelines. Treatment of bipolar disorder is challenging area and require major efforts not only of the patient and the doctor psychiatrist, but also the whole of the patient's environment. Only constant research into new treatment options will provide patients and their loved ones a better life and easier functioning in society.