BACKGROUND: There are few data on differences in exposure to risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in relation to geographic areas, especially areas with large differences in terms of continental and Mediterranean climates. To study these differences in Croatia, we analyzed data from the Treatment and Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Coronary Events in Croatia V (TASPIC-CRO V) study, which recruited Croatian CHD patients in two principal regions (Mediterranean and continental) of the country. ----- METHODS: A total of 31 Croatian research centers participated in the study. We collected information on personal details, demographic characteristics and risk factor exposure from the hospital medical records of 3054 CHD patients. Risk factors included history of cigarette smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) and diabetes type 2. ----- RESULTS: Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the prevalence of hypertension in examined CHD patients was significantly higher in the continental part of Croatia than in the Mediterranean part (univariate analysis: P < 0.001; multivariate analysis: P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis revealed a higher prevalence of decreased HDL-cholesterol in continental Croatia (P = 0.006) and a higher prevalence of smokers in coastal Mediterranean Croatia (P = 0.007). A significant difference in total cholesterol levels was noted between hospitalized CHD patients in two Mediterranean subregions (P < 0.001). No significant differences between continental and coastal Mediterranean parts of Croatia were found for other CHD risk factors. ----- CONCLUSIONS: Higher prevalences of both hypertension and decreased HDL-cholesterol were recorded in hospitalized CHD patients in the continental part of Croatia, but in coastal Mediterranean Croatia there was higher prevalence of smokers. Differences in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides between hospitalized CHD patients in continental and coastal Mediterranean Croatia did not follow the expected continental-Mediterranean pattern.