Aim. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between the degree and length of arterial hypertension with the left ventricle wall thickness (LVWT) and the ejection fraction (EF) of the heart.Type of study. A prospective cohort study was conducted. Subjects and methods. The study included 50 patients examined in the cardiology clinic of the Clinical Hospital „Sveti Duh“ with a leading diagnosis of arterial hypertension made during processing through emergency department. The left ventricle wall thickness (LVWT) made up of thickness of intraventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricular rear wall expressed in centimeters (cm) and the ejection fraction (EF) of the heart were determined ultrasonically. Demographic data of patients (age, gender), associated diseases, chronic therapy and arterial pressure values were analyzed. The study included all patients over the age of 18 examined in a cardiac clinic after recommended diagnostic treatment during the emergency department, and under the main diagnosis of arterial hypertension, while patients with other pathological conditions that alter the architecture and impair heart contractility were excluded from the study. Results. Arterial hypertension is more common in females (52%) compared to men (48%) while the average age of subjects is 58.7 years. The average duration of AH in our subjects is more than 6 years. The highest proportion of first-tier AH respondents (44%), followed by respondents with third grade AH (36%). The largest number of subjects took several individual antihypertensive drugs, and of the other chronic therapy, the majority of subjects took statins and antidiabetic drugs. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is present in more than half of the patients studied (54%) while just over half of LVH subjects have dyslipidemia, followed by diabetes mellitus and adiposity. Ultrasound measurements have shown that the average thickness of the intraventricular septum (IVS) and the posterior wall of the left ventricle is thicker in men compared to women. The IVS wall is thickened in just over half of our subjects, and 30% of respondents have a thickened back wall of the left ventricle. The ejection fraction averaged 64.2%. A statistically significant association between the degree and length of arterial hypertension and the development of left ventricular hypertrophy was found. There is no statistically significant correlation between the degree of arterial hypertension or the length of AH duration with the ejection fraction of the heart. Conclusion. In our study, a statistically significant interdependence between the degree and length of arterial hypertension and the development of left ventricular hypertrophy was demonstrated, while the same was not established in relation to the ejection fraction. The largest number of subjects had these associated diseases (dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, adiposity) which are also risk factors for the appearance of arterial hypertension. Orientational use of heart ultrasound in the emergency department shows clinical significance, since in every other patient (≥ 50%) left ventricular hypertrophy was detected independently of taking antihypertensive drugs.