Inflammatory bowel disease or more commonly abbreviated „IBD“ according to the English term „Inflammatory Bowel Disease“ refers to chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the digestive system, but can also affect other organ system in the body. Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by different clinical symptoms and unpredictable course of the disease. Inflammatory bowel disease is divided into Crohn´s disease, ulcerative colitis, and unclassified inflammatory bowel disease. Usual symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease are abdominal pain, frequent diarrhea accompanied by blood, weight loss, anemia, bloating. The etiology of disease is unknown, but according to various theories genetic factors as well as immunodeficiency influence the development of the disease. Treatment is pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical. It is important to control the disease because inadequate treatment can lead to complications and significantly impair the quality of life of patients. The patient should be approached individually and a relationship of trust should be created through good communication. The role of the nurse in treating patients with inflammatory bowel disease is of great importance. It is important for the nurse to take a good anamnesis of the patient in order to be able to define the nursing diagnoses and interventions she must apply. The nurse has an important role in educating patient about his disease, proper nutrition and therapy. The role of the nurse is especially important in the application of the therapy itself, especially application of biological therapy and monitoring the patient`s condition.