Here, we describe emergency conditions in the field of rheumatology, emphasizing the severe complications that these conditions can cause if not treated promptly and effectively. The thesis discusses conditions such as atlantoaxial subluxation, macrophage activation syndrome, pulmonary-renal syndrome, septic arthritis, scleroderma renal crisis, central nervous system vasculitis, and neonatal lupus. Each of these conditions is known for its potential to cause serious and life-threatening complications. Atlantoaxial subluxation can lead to neurological problems due to the dislocation of the first and second cervical vertebrae, while catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by multiple organ dysfunction caused by microthromboses in small blood vessels. Macrophage activation syndrome is characterized by uncontrolled activation of the immune system and a subsequent hyperinflammatory state, while pulmonary-renal syndrome is characterized by simultaneous diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Septic arthritis is a joint infection that can lead to joint cartilage deterioration and permanent joint damage, whereas scleroderma renal crisis causes acute renal failure in patients with systemic sclerosis. CNS vasculitis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system blood vessels that can cause severe neurological symptoms. Neonatal lupus, an autoimmune disease that affects newborns of mothers with autoimmune diseases, can cause skin, hematological, and cardiac problems. This master's thesis focuses on the importance of recognizing the severity of symptoms, the necessity of early and accurate diagnosis, and the application of comprehensive management strategies that are crucial for ensuring patient survival and recovery.