Infertility is a significant public health problem that affects about 20% of couples worldwide. The causes of infertility are numerous and diverse, with endocrine disorders holding a unique position among them. Disruption in secretion of reproductive hormones and consequent infertility may occur at hypothalamus and pituitary gland level because of obesity, stress, low body weight, Sheehan syndrome or hyperprolactinemia. Furthermore, disorders like hyper or hypothyroidism greatly affect female fertility, whereas the effect on male fertility is not fully understood. The thymus may also affect fertility, with the most commonly described pathology being mutations in the AIRE gene leading to autoimmune polyglandular syndrome 1 (APS 1). Pancreas diseases, such as diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2, stand out as conditions that affect fertility in both men and women through various mechanisms. Prompt diagnosis and proper glycemic control are extremely important in these patients to prevent negative impact of the disease on reproductive health. The most common cause of infertility in women is anovulation, and the main cause of anovulatory cycles is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Primary ovarian insufficiency is a rare condition that only affects 1% of women, however, it should be considered when evaluating couple’s infertility. New research suggest that men are responsible for 40 to 50% of couples’ infertility, and the causes are diverse. Primary testicular insufficiency refers to conditions in which the testicles do not produce enough testosterone and sperm, while secondary testicular insufficiency is a condition in which there is a pathology of the hypothalamus or pituitary gland and, as a result, testosterone synthesis is reduced. When assessing infertility in couples, it is important to rule out disorders or chronic diseases associated with infertility. If detected, they need to be corrected before proceeding with assisted reproductive technologies (ART).