Psychodermatological diseases are common disorders characterized by the complex relationship between the mind and the skin. Modern classifications categorize them into psychophysiological diseases (psychosomatic disorders), psychiatric diseases with dermatological symptoms (primary psychiatric diseases), dermatological disorders with psychiatric symptoms (secondary psychiatric diseases), and mixed disorders. The causal relationship between psychological illnesses and skin disorders is complex and often difficult to determine. However, known pathophysiological mechanisms based on the action of hormones and neurotransmitters explain the impact of stress and emotions on the development of skin diseases and their consequent effect on psychological states in people. For example, stress has a clear negative effect on skin conditions in diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, hyperhidrosis, acne, rosacea and it triggers the exacerbation of symptoms. On the other hand, some disfiguring skin diseases such as alopecia, cystic forms of acne, vitiligo, or rhinophyma cause psychological and social disturbances. The most common psychiatric comorbidities in these patients are depressive and anxiety disorders. Treatment must be multidisciplinary and encompass the treatment of skin lesions as well as psychological support. Psychotherapy plays a key role in addressing the complex problems in psychodermatology. Psychodynamic forms of psychotherapy are based on unconscious processes and internal conflicts that cause the onset or worsening of skin diseases. They have proven to be an effective treatment method in combination with other approaches, including psychopharmacological preparations and topical treatment of dermatological diseases. The aim of this paper is to present the most common disorders in psychodermatology and to review the complex interrelationship between psychological and skin diseases. Additionally, the goal is to highlight the importance of psychotherapy, especially the psychodynamic approach, in the treatment of these disorders.