Unicompartmental knee replacement represents a significant advancement in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, allowing for the replacement of only the damaged part of the joint rather than the entire knee. This procedure is most suitable for patients with osteoarthritis limited to one compartment of the knee - either the medial, lateral, or patellofemoral compartment. The main advantage lies in preserving the healthy portions of the joint, including ligaments and untouched articular surfaces, resulting in a more natural knee feeling post-surgery and faster recovery compared to total knee replacement. Ideal candidates are patients with localized osteoarthritis without significant ligament damage or knee deformities. Prior to surgery, a thorough assessment is conducted, including a clinical examination and knee radiographs, to determine the patient's suitability for this procedure. With advancements in technology, preoperative planning can now be performed using a robotic system, further enhancing the precision and outcomes of partial knee replacement. The robot-assisted approach allows surgeons to perform detailed 3D reconstructions of the knee joint before the surgery, enabling them to plan the optimal position and size of the implants. The operation begins with a small incision through which the surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and bone. Then, femoral and tibial components are placed to replace the damaged part of the joint. These components, often made of high-quality metal alloys and special plastics, are the result of thorough research and designed to fit the specific anatomy of each patient. The ten-year survival rate is as high as 98%, with revision surgery required in up to 15% of cases within 10 years due to various complications, the most common being the progression of osteoarthritis in the contralateral compartment.