| Abstract | Cilj: Utvrditi zastupljenost i povezanost hiposmije s prisutnošću kognitivnih promjena u osoba oboljelih od Parkinsonove bolesti, istražiti zastupljenost i povezanost hiposmije s kognitivnim promjenama u zdravih ispitanika te utvrditi koliki je udio bolesnika s Parkinsonovom bolešću i udio onih u skupini zdravih ispitanika koji subjektivno nisu svjesni prisustva hiposmije i/ili kognitivnih promjena, a da je objektivnim testovima utvrđeno postojanje istih. Ustroj studije: Presječna studija Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 30 ispitanika oboljelih od Parkinsonove bolesti i 30 zdravih ispitanika. Kao instrumenti istraživanja korišteni su anketa koja ispituje sociodemografska obilježja ispitanika, MMSE test, MoCA test, test identifikacije mirisa, UPDRS III skala te mH&Y skala. Rezultati: Hiposmija/anosmija značajno su češće prisutne u skupini oboljelih (test proporcija, p < 0,001). Ne postoji značajna razlika u kognitivnim funkcijama normosmičnih i hiposmičnih osoba iz skupine oboljelih (MMSE - 2 test, p > 0,99; MoCA – 2 test, p = 0,13). U kontrolnoj skupini hiposmija se javlja češće u osoba koje su ostvarile manji broj bodova na MoCA (Mann Whitney U test, p = 0,005) i MMSE (Mann Whitney U test, p = 0,02) testovima. Značajno je više osoba u skupini oboljelih koje subjektivno nisu svjesne postojanja kognitivnih promjena, a da su one utvrđene MoCA testom (test proporcija, p = 0,04) te je značajno više oboljelih koji subjektivno nisu svjesni postojanja hiposmije, a da je ono utvrđeno testom identifikacije mirisa (test proporcija, p = 0,02) u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom. Zaključak: Istraživanje je pokazalo značajno veću prevalenciju hiposmije u oboljelih od Parkinsonove bolesti, povezanost hiposmije i dobi te hiposmije i kognitivnih promjena u zdravih osoba, dok povezanost hiposmije i kognitivnih promjena u oboljelih nije utvrđena. Utvrđen je značajno veći udio oboljelih koji subjektivno nisu svjesni postojanja kognitivnih promjena, a da je ono utvrđeno MoCA testom, te značajno veći udio osoba u skupini oboljelih koje subjektivno nisu svjesne postojanja hiposmije, a da je ono utvrđeno testom identifikacije mirisa. |
| Abstract (english) | Association between hyposmia and cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson’s disease Objective: To determine the incidence and association of hyposmia with presence of cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson’s disease, to research the incidence and correlation between hyposmia and cognitive decline in healthy subjects and to determine the proportion of both Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy subjects who are subjectively unaware of the presence of hyposmia and/or cognitive decline that have been confirmed by objective testing. Study design: Cross-sectional study Participants and methods: The study included 30 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 30 healthy subjects. As research instruments, survey examining sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects, the MMSE test, the MoCA test, odor identification test, the UPDRS III scale and the mH&Y scale were used. Results: Hyposmia/anosmia were significantly more common in the group of Parkinson’s disease patients (proportion test, p < 0,001). No significant difference in cognitive abilities was found between the normosmic and hyposmic subjects of the group of patients (MMSE - 2 test, p > 0,99; MoCA – 2 test, p = 0,13). Within the control group, hyposmia is significantly more common in those who scored fewer points on the MoCA (Mann Whitney U test, p = 0,005) and the MMSE (Mann Whitney U test, p = 0,02) tests. There were significantly more subjects in the group of patients than those in the control group who were subjectively unaware of the presence of cognitive decline and hyposmia that have been confirmed by the MoCA test (proportion test, p = 0,04) and odor identification test (proportion test, p = 0,02), respectively. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of hyposmia in patients with Parkinson’s disease, correlation between hyposmia and age and between hyposmia and cognitive decline in healthy subjects were found in this study, whilst correlation between hyposmia and cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease patients was not found. Significantly higher proportion of patients than that of the control group, who were subjectively unaware of the presence of cognitive decline and hyposmia that have been confirmed by the MoCA test and odor identification test, respectively, was found. |
