| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi izloženost stresnim životnim događajima, osobine ličnosti, stilove nošenja sa stresom kod ovisnika o opijatima i osoba koje nisu ovisnici te razlike između navedenih čimbenika; utvrditi postoje li razlike u crtama ličnosti i stilovima suočavanja sa stresom ovisnika o opijatima na institucionalnom liječenju i ovisnicima o opijatima na supstitucijskoj terapiji u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu Nacrt studije: Presječno istraživanje. Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanjem je obuhvaćen uzorak mlađih odraslih muškaraca u dobi od 18 do 35 godina, a sudjelovalo je ukupno njih 210. Ispitanici su raspoređeni u tri skupine: 1. skupina ovisnika o opijatima (N = 70) koja koristi institucionalni programa liječenja od ovisnosti u Zajednici Milosrdni Otac u Međugorju (oni koji nemaju psihotičnih poremećaja i boravili su u instituciji zatvorenoga tipa najmanje 6 tjedana prije uključivanja u istraživanje); 2. skupina ovisnika o opijatima (N = 70) na supstitucijskoj terapiji metadonom koji su upućeni u savjetodavni program zbog apstinencijskog sindroma u Centar za prevenciju i izvanbolničko liječenje ovisnosti u Mostaru (skupina Centar Mostar). Ispitanici skupine Centar Mostar nemaju psihotičnih poremećaja i bili su u razdoblju apstinencije dulje od 6 tjedana; 3. skupina ispitanika koji nisu ovisnici o opijatima i nemaju psihotične poremećaje (N = 70), a čine ju pacijenti ambulante obiteljske medicine Dom zdravlja Široki Brijeg (kontrolna skupina). Ispitivanje je obavljeno metodom anketiranja za što su sačinjena četiri upitnika: opći demografski upitnik, skala stresnih životnih događaja, upitnik za ispitivanje suočavanja i upitnik za ispitivanje tipa/osobina ličnosti. Uvid u medicinsku dokumentaciju nakon tri mjeseca: Zajednica Milosrdni Otac u Međugorju - održali apstinenciju u potpunosti 43 - izišlo iz programa 19 - imalo recidiv 8; Centar za prevenciju i izvanbolničko liječenje ovisnosti u Mostaru - održali apstinenciju u potpunosti 47 - izišlo iz programa 10 ( 2 umrla i 1 u zatvoru) - imalo recidiv 13. Rezultati: Skupina ovisnika o opijatima koja koristi institucionalni program i skupina ovisnika o opijatima na supstitucijskoj terapiji metadonom su postizali značajno više rezultate od kontrolne skupine na skali Stresni događaji skor i Stresni događaji zbroj. Ovisnici iz Centra Mostar postizali su više rezultate na ljestvicama Ugodnost i Neuroticizam. Osobine ličnosti ovisnika o opijatima korisnika institucionalnog liječenja koje im najviše pomažu u nošenju sa stresom su mentalno izbjegavanje, religija, negiranje te obuzdavanje suočavanja. Skupina institucionaliziranih ovisnika u suočavanju sa svakodnevnim stresorima koristiti strategije mentalnog izbjegavanja, religiju i poricanje koje se može objasniti pokušajima odbacivanja stvarnosti stresnog događaja, psihičko odvajanje od cilja s kojim se stresor preklapa kroz sanjarenje, spavanje, autodestruktivno ponašanje i pretjerano oslanjanje na vjeru u Boga i religiozne osjećaje. Najzastupljeniji načini suočavanja u ispitanika koji nisu bili ovisnici su: pozitivna reinterpretacija i rast ličnosti, aktivno suočavanje s problemom, ventiliranje emocija, humor, planiranje, obuzdavanje, ali i bihevioralna neangažiranost te alkohol i potiskivanje kompeticijskih aktivnosti. Osobe koje nisu ovisnici, statistički više koriste adaptivne mehanizme suočavanje dok ovisnici više koriste maladaptivne mehanizme nošenja sa stresom.Zaključak: U ovom presječnom istraživanju utvrđene su razlike između ovisnika o opijatima koji su korisnici metadonske terapije kao metode liječenja od ovisnosti i korisnika institucionalnog programa oporavka od ovisnosti u crtama ličnosti i strategijama suočavanja sa stresom. Osobine ličnosti, poput neurotičnosti i susretljivosti, bile su veće kod ovisnika koji su bili u programu savjetovanja. To može biti rezultat emocionalne napetosti u suočavanju sa svakodnevnim zahtjevima i potrebama pojedinca u nastojanju da pronađe adekvatan način suočavanja sa stresom i povećanim zahtjevima. |
| Abstract (english) | Goal of the Research: The Goal of the Research was to determine the exposure to stressfull events in life, personality characteristics, styles of coping with stress of opiates addicts and nonaddicts, and the differences between the factors stated. Determine if there are differences in personality characteristics and styles of coping with stress at opiates addicts at the institutionalized medical treatment and opiates addicts at substitutional therapy in relation to the control group. Draft to the Study: Crossection Research Examinees and Methods: A sample of younger adult men aged 18 to 35 has been encompassed. The Research included a total number of 210 male examinees at the age between 18 and 35, the examinees divided into three groups: 1st group are the opiates addicts (N=70) attending the Institutional treatment program for addiction healing in the Community of „Milosrdni Otac“ in Međugorje (Father of Mercy, Međugorje) who have no psychotic disturbances and had dwelled in the closed type Institution for at least 6 weeks before the inclusion into the Research; 2nd group of opiates addicts (N=70) at the substitutional therapy by Methadone who were directed into the Advisory program due to the Apstinence Syndroms in the Mostar Center for prevention and outpatient addiction treatment (Centar Mostar group). The Examinees of Centar Mostar group have no psychotic disturbances and have been in Apstinency Program for over 6 weeks; 3rd group of examinees are not opiates addicts and have no psychotic disturbances (N=70) including patients of Široki Brijeg Family Medicine Ambulanta (The Control group). The Survey was performed through Questionnary method for which four different questionaries were composed: general demographic questionary, the scale of stressfull life events, the questionary for coping and the questionary for testing the personality type/characteristics. Insight into medical records after three months: Community of Milosrdni Otac in Međugorje – completely maintained apstinence 43 – left the Program 19 – had the relapse 8; Mostar Center for prevention and outpatient addiction treatment – completely maintained apstinence 47 – left the program 10 (2 deceased and 1 in prison) – had the relapse 13. Results: the group of opiates addicts using the institutionalised program and the group of opiates addicts at substitutional therapy by Methadone reached significally higher results at the scale of Stressfull events score and Stressful events summary than the Control group. The addicts from Mostar Centar reached higher results at the scales of Comfort and Neuroticism. The personality characteristics of opiates addicts users of institutionalised treatment that are most helpful in coping with stress are mental avoiding, religion, denial and restraint of confronting. The group of addicts that were institutionalised uses the strategies of mental avoiding, religion and denial in coping with daily stress, which can be explained by attempts of discarding the reality of the stressfull event, psychical separation from the goal with which the stress trigger overlaps through daydreaming, sleeping, autodestructive behaviour and overly relying on belief in God and religious feelings. The most represented manners of confrontation at the examinees who were not addicts are: positive reinterpretation and personality growth, active confrontation with the problem, emotions ventilation, humor, planning, restraint, but also the bihevioral nonengagement and alcohol, and suppressing the competitive activities. The persons who are not addicts statistically use more adaptive mechanisms of confrontation, while the addicts use more maladaptive mechanisms of coping with stress. Conclusion: In this Crossection Research differences were determined between the opiates addicts who are users of Methadone therapy as the treatment method in healing the addiction, and the users of institutionalised addiction recovery program in personality characteristics and strategies of coping with stress. Personality characteristics, like neuroticism and accomodating friendliness, were higher at the addicts who were in the advisory program. It can be the result of emotional tension at confronting the daily requirements and needs of an individual in striving to find an adequate way of coping with stress and the increased requirements. |
