| Abstract | Ciljevi: Utvrditi učinak konzumacije kokošjih jaja obogaćenih n-3 PUFA, vitamina E, luteinom i selenom na vaskularnu reaktivnost mikrocirkulacije u odgovoru na reaktivnu hiperemiju u mladih zdravih ispitanika oba spola, razinu oksidativnog stresa i ciljanih pro-upalnih te protu-upalnih metabolita n-3 i n-6 PUFA kod mladih zdravih ispitanika oba spola. Dizajn studije: Randomizirana, dvostruko slijepa, placebo kontrolirana, prospektivna, intervencijska studija. Protokol studije uključivao je dva dolaska, a ispitanicima je dana uputa da jedu tri tvrdo kuhana kokošja jaja dnevno tijekom tri tjedna (ID NCT04564690). Sudionici i metode: Ispitanici su podijeljeni u CTRL skupinu (n=14) koja je konzumirala obična kokošja jaja (1,785 mg vitamina E, 0,330 mg luteina, 0,054 mg selena i 438 mg n-3 PUFA dnevno) i Nutri4 skupinu (n=20) koji su konzumirali obogaćena jaja (3,29 mg vitamina E, 1,85 mg luteina, 0,06 mg selena i 1026 mg n-3 PUFA dnevno), 3 jaja dnevno tijekom 3 tjedna. Prije i poslije dijetetskog protokola laser Doppler flowmetrijom mjeren je mikrovaskularni protok kože podlaktice kao odgovor na iontoforezu Ach i SNP, proteinski izražaj enzima (COX1, COX2, iNOS, eNOS i nNOS), serumske koncentracije n-3 PUFA, vitamina E, selena i luteina. Koncentracije lipidnih medijatora i citokina u serumu izmjerene su pomoću ELISA i kompleta reagensa s magnetskim zrncima koji su obloženi antitijelima na Luminex platformi. Serumske koncentracije oksidativnog stresa i antioksidativnog kapaciteta mjerene su standardiziranim metodama, dok je genski izražaj izmjeren rtPCR-om iz mononuklearnih stanica periferne krvi. Upitnika ispitane su prehrambene navike ispitanika. Rezultati: PORH i Ach potaknuta dilatacija bili su značajno poboljšani, izražaj COX2 proteina bila je značajno veća u Nutri4 skupini. Snižene su serumske razine proupalnog interleukina IL-17A i povećan genski izražaj nNOS u Nutri4 skupini. Serumske koncentracije n-3 PUFA, vitamina E i luteina bile su značajno višeu Nutr4 skupini, dok je selen ostao nepromijenjen. Zaključak: Povećan unos antioksidansa poput n-3 PUFA, vitamina E, luteina i selena može imati različite korisne učinke na organizam zbog povećane antioksidativne obrane te ima povoljan učinak na mikrovaskularni odgovor. |
| Abstract (english) | Objectives: To determine the effect of the consumption of c enriched hen eggs with n-3 PUFA, vitamin E, lutein and selenium on the vascular reactivity of the microcirculation in response to reactive hyperemia in young healthy subjects of both subjects, the level of oxidative stress and targeted pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory metabolites n-3 and n -6 PUFA in young healthy subjects of both sexes. Study Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, interventional study. The study protocol included two visits, and subjects were asked to eat three hard-boiled heneggs per day for three weeks (ID NCT04564690). Participants and methods: Subjects were divided into CTRL group (n=14) consumed regular hen eggs (1.785 mg of vitamin E, 0.330 mg of lutein, 0.054 mg of selenium and 438 mg of n-3 PUFAs daily), and Nutri4 group (n=20) who consumed enriched eggs (3.29 mg of vitamin E, 1.85 mg of lutein, 0.06 mg of selenium and 1026 mg of n-3 PUFAs daily), 3 eggs a day for 3 weeks. Before and after the dietary protocol, the microvascular flow of the forearm skin was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry in response to iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, protein expression of enzymes (COX1, COX2, iNOS, eNOS and nNOS), serum concentrations of n-3 PUFA, vitamin E, selenium and lutein. Serum concentrations of lipid mediators and cytokines were measured using ELISA and complete antibody-based magnetic bead reagents on the Luminex platform. Serum concentrations of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity were measured using standardized methods, while gene expression was measured by rtPCR from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Using a questionnaire, the dietary habits of the subjects in the experiments were examined. Results: PORH and Ach induced dilation were significantly enhanced, protein expression of COX2 was significantly higher in the Nutri4. The serum levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukin IL-17A in the serum were decreased and the gene expression of nNOS increased in the Nutri4 group. Serum concentrations of n-3 PUFA, vitamin E and lutein were significantly higher in the group consuming Nutri4 enriched eggs, while selenium remained unchanged compared to pre-diet values. Conclusion: Increased intake of antioxidants such as n-3 PUFA, vitamin E, lutein and selenium can have various beneficial effects on the body due to increased antioxidant defense and has a beneficial effect on the microvascular respons. |
