OBJECTIVES. The association of gene variants for IL-6 (rs1800796), IL-10 (rs1800896) and TNF-alpha (rs1800629) with the occurrence of spontaneous preterm birth was examined using the real time polymerase chain method to determine whether these genetic variations are a risk factor or not. STUDY DESIGN. Case-control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 175 samples of pregnant women who gave birth prematurely and 169 corresponding control samples were analyzed for genotyping with the aim of determining gene variants for IL-6 (rs1800796), IL-10 (rs1800896) and TNF-alpha (rs1800629). Control samples are samples of pregnant women with term delivery. DNA isolation was performed on mini spin columns, NucleoSpin Blood, according to the manufacturer's protocol. The quality and purity of the isolated DNA was tested with a Qubit 3 Fluorometer. The gene variants for IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha were determined in pregnant women with premature birth compared to pregnant women who carried the pregnancy to the end of the gestational period using the polymerase chain reaction method in real time on the Applied Biosystem 7500 Real time PCR system. With the program package 7500 Software v2.3. the obtained genotypes were analyzed. RESULTS. Carriers of the A/A genotype for rs1800629 have a 5.5 times greater chance of late preterm birth. The presence of the A/A or A/G genotype for rs1800896 in the recessive model of inheritance represents a potentially protective influence in which the test subjects have a 6.5 times lower chance of premature birth. This study did not establish a link between IL-6 and the incidence of premature birth. CONCLUSION. Rs1800629 in mothers is associated with preterm birth. Rs1800896 shows a potentially protective effect for the incidence of preterm birth. In this study, no link was established 9. SUMMARY 35 between premature birth and rs1800796.