Short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with therapeutic plasma exchange Objectives. To assess the survival rates at four weeks (short-term outcome) and six months (long-term outcome) after starting treatment with therapeutic plasma exchange, evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic plasma exchange as a treatment procedure by analyzing any improvements or worsening of the disease's progression. Study design. Historical cohort study. Participants and methods. All patients who underwent therapeutic plasma exchange at the Osijek Clinical Hospital Center between 2021 and 2023 were included in the study. Patient data were extracted from the hospital information system and subjected to statistical analysis. Results. Among the cohort of 47 patients who underwent plasmapheresis (PF) treatment, the survival rates were 96% at four weeks and 91% at six months. The primary indications for PF treatment were myasthenia gravis (32%) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (27%). The median number of PF procedures administered was five, with an interquartile range of 1–15. Two patients needed renal function replacement, and eight were mechanically ventilated. Four deceased patients were mechanically ventilated, all had a severe infection (two of them COVID19), and one patient also had a known malignancy, they did not need replacement of renal function. Two of them had Guillain-Barré syndrome, one had Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and one had thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Conclusion. Research confirms the high effectiveness of PF for short-term and long-term treatment outcomes in the represented indications.