Abstract | Objectives: To investigate nutritional habits and attitudes in male and female fitness center users, as well as the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and its components.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, including 405 fitness center users in Split, Croatia, conducted from July to October 2021. All of the participants were active fitness center users between the ages of 18 and 65 and trained at least once a week, professional athletes were excluded from the study. Online Google Forms® survey was distributed via e-mails and social groups and it consisted of two main parts, with general information and dietary supplements information collection in first, and adherence to MD and its components using Mediterranean Dietary Serving Score (MDSS) in second.
Results: The study included 193 male and 212 female fitness center users. The males consume more dietary supplements when compared to females (63.7 vs. 49 %, P=0.004), including whey protein (77.7 vs. 47.6 %, P<0.001) and creatine (25.3 vs. 3.8 %, P<0.001). Furthermore, MDSS analysis have shown that investigated population most commonly followed eating guidelines for potatoes (90.1%) and white meat (91.4%), with significantly more females where compliant to the recommendations for dietary intake of sweets (58.5 vs. 41.5 %, P<0.001). Further MDSS analysis have shown that median MDSS score was significantly lower in men when compared to women (7.0 (5.0-8.25) vs. 7.0 (6.0-10.0), P=0.030). Moreover, 19 males (9.8%) and 32 females (15.1%) where overall adherent to MD, without statistical significant difference between the genders (P=0.149). Finally, a multiple logistic regression model that was used to determine independent variables associated with positive adherence to MD showed that none of the investigated parameters proved to be of statistical significance.
Conclusion: Majority of fitness center users are using some dietary supplementation, most commonly whey protein. Overall adherence to Mediterranean diet was low. Females have a higher total MDSS score and no significant difference in adherence was observed between the genders. |
Abstract (croatian) | Ciljevi: Istražiti prehrambene navike i stavove o prehrani muških i ženskih korisnika fitness centara, kao i stupanj pridržavanja mediteranske prehrane (MP) i njenih komponenti.
Materijali i metode: Ovo je presječna studija, koja je uključila 405 korisnika fitness centara u Splitu u Hrvatskoj, provedena od srpnja do listopada 2021. Svi su sudionici bili aktivni korisnici fitness centara u dobi od 18 do 65 godina i trenirali su barem jednom tjedno, profesionalni sportaši bili su isključeni iz studije. Online Google Forms® anketa distribuirana je e-poštom i društvenim mrežama, a sastojala se od dva glavna dijela, prikupljanje općih informacija i informacija o dodacima prehrani u prvom, te o pridržavanje MP-e i njezinih komponenti korištenjem Mediterranean Dietary Serving Score (MDSS) u drugom.
Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 193 muškaraca i 212 žena. Muškarci konzumiraju više dodataka prehrani u usporedbi sa ženama (63,7 naspram 49 %, P=0,004), uključujući proteine sirutke (77,7 naspram 47,6 %, P<0,001) i kreatin (25,3 naspram 3,8 %, P<0,001). Nadalje, MDSS analiza je pokazala da je ispitana populacija najčešće slijedila smjernice za prehranu krumpirom (90,1%) i bijelim mesom (91,4%), pri čemu se značajno više žena pridržavalo preporuka za prehrambeni unos slatkiša (58,5 naspram 41,5%, P <0,001). Daljnja MDSS analiza pokazala je da je medijan MDSS rezultata bio značajno niži u muškaraca u usporedbi sa ženama (7,0 (5,0-8,25) naspram 7,0 (6,0-10,0), P=0,030). Štoviše, 19 muškaraca (9,8%) i 32 žene (15,1%) općenito se pridržavalo MP-e, bez statistički značajne razlike između spolova (P=0,149). Konačno, višestruki logistički regresijski model koji je korišten za određivanje neovisnih varijabli povezanih s pozitivnim pridržavanjem MP-e pokazao je da se niti jedan od ispitivanih parametara nije pokazao statistički značajnim.
Zaključci: Većina korisnika fitness centara koristi neki dodatak prehrani, najčešće protein sirutke. Sveukupno pridržavanje mediteranske prehrane bilo je nisko. Žene imaju viši ukupni rezultat MDSS-a, a nije opažena značajna razlika u adherenciji između spolova. |