Title The impact of exercise on the physiological alterations of SCUBA diving : investigations beyond venous gas bubbles
Title (croatian) Utjecaj tjelovježbe na fiziološke promjene kod SCUBA ronjenja : istraživanja izvan okvira venskih plinskih mjehurića
Author Dennis Madden strani drzavljanin: Nije dostupno
Mentor Željko Dujić (mentor)
Committee member Vladimir Ivančev (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Mladen Boban (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Stjepan Gamulin (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Split School of Medicine Split
Defense date and country 2014, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Basic Medical Sciences Human Physiology
Universal decimal classification (UDC ) 612 - Physiology
Abstract The aim this dissertation was to examine the interactions between exercise before and SCUBA
diving. The impact was determined on variables beyond VGE, which traditionally have served as
a surrogate marker for decompression stress, but alone are a poor indicator of DCS risk. Four
dive studies were conducted for this investigation, three on exercise before diving and one on
exercise after diving. In addition to VGE, outcomes to assess decompression stress included
arterialization of gas bubbles; changes in circulating MP counts, MP subtype expression
associated with the inflammatory response, platelet counts and activation, and endothelial
function.
Exercise before diving was already considered by some to be a protective form of
preconditioning, however, this conclusion was primarily based on VGE analysis. These studies
demonstrate a mitigation of MP counts and platelet-neutrophil activation and interaction that is
associated with protective benefits in the murine model, providing additional information on the
mechanism beyond VGE analysis. This effect was observed with both aerobic running and
anaerobic cycling and was more pronounced following the running.
Exercise after diving led to an increased incidence of arterialization compared to resting
conditions. Arterialization during exercise was preventable with concurrent 100% O2 breathing
and, arterialization while breathing atmospheric air ceased almost immediately after exercise was
terminated. This may also demonstrate one of the mechanisms responsible for the positive
outcomes associated with O2 breathing as a first aid treatment for DCS. The intensity at which
this arterialization occurred is variable with each individual. In some individuals the simple task
of surface swimming or carrying equipment after a dive may be intense enough to cross the
arterialization threshold.
From this study it was demonstrated that exercise after diving can provoke arterialization,
which is associated with an increased relative risk of DCS. Exercise timed two hours before
diving does not seem to impact VGE to a significant degree, however, it mitigates MP counts and
certain indicators of the inflammatory process which are correlated with DCS in mice. MPs are
also believed to contribute to the pathogenic process of certain diseases. Some of these findings
may be useful immediately; those related to exercise after diving. Other findings provide more
information towards uncovering an accurate understanding of the pathogenesis of DCS as well as
mechanisms that may help protect against it.
Abstract (croatian) Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati povezanost tjelovježbe i SCUBA ronjenja. Ispitan je
utjecaj na mnoge parametre pored venske plinske embolije (venous gas emboli, VGE), koji je
tradicionalno služio kao marker dekompresijskog stresa, no sam je nedovoljan indikator procjene
rizika od dekompresijske bolesti. U ovom istraživanju provedena su četiri eksperimenta, tri s
tjelovježbom prije i jedan poslije ronjenja. Za procjenu dekompresijskog stresa, uz VGE,
određeni su arterijalizacija mjehurića, promjene broja cirkulirajućih mikročestica, prisutnost
različitih podtipova mikročestica povezanih s upalnom reakcijom, broj i aktivacija trombocita i
endotelna funkcija.
Neki autori su smatrali tjelovježbu prije zarona nekom vrstom protektivnog
prekondicioniranja, no takvo mišljenje je prvenstveno utemeljeno na analizi VGE. Ove studije
ukazuju na smanjenje broja mikročestica i njihovu aktivaciju te interakciju trombocita i
neutrofila, što se povezuje sa zaštitnim učincima na mišjem modelu, dajući nove informacije o
mehanizmima, uz samo određivanja VGE. Ovi utjecaji su bili prisutni i kod aerobnog trčanja i
kod anaerobne vožnje bicikla, no bili su izraženiji poslije trčanja.
Tjelovježba poslije ronjenja dovela je do povećanja učestalosti arterijalizacije u odnosu na
stanje u mirovanju. Arterijalizacija tjekom tjelovježbe se mogla spriječiti sa udisanjem 100% O2,
a arterijalizacija koja je bila prisutna tijekom udisanja atmosferskog zraka nestala je odmah nakon
prekida tjelovježbe. Ovo ujedno može ukazati i na mehanizme koji su odgovorni za pozitivan
ishod povezan sa udisanjem O2 kao prve pomoći u terapiji dekompresijske bolesti. Kod nekih
pojedinaca, plivanje na površini i nošenje opreme nakon ronjenja može predstavljati dovoljno
intezivnu tjelovježbu kojom će se dosegnuti prag za arterijalizaciju.
Ova studija je pokazala da tjelovježba poslije ronjenja može izazvati arterijalizaciju, što je
povezano s povećanjem relativnog rizika za razvoj dekompresijske bolesti. Tjelovježba dva sata
prije ronjenja ne utječe značajno na broj VGE, ali smanjuje broj mikročestica i pojedinih
indikatora upalnog procesa koji su povezani s dekompresijskom bolešću kod miševa.
Mikročestice su također povezane sa patogenezom nekih bolesti. Neki od ovih rezultata mogu
biti već sada od koristi; oni u vezi s tjelovježbom poslije ronjenja. Drugi nalazi pak mogu
pridonijeti otkrivanju i točnom razumijevanju patogeneze dekompresijske bolesti kao i
mehanizama kojima je možemo spriječiti.
Keywords
Decompression Sickness
Diving
Exercise
Keywords (croatian)
Dekompresijska bolest
Ronjenje
Tjelovježba
Language english
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:171:657879
Study programme Title: Obtaining a doctorate of science outside of doctoral studies Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti (doktor/doktorica znanosti)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2023-06-02 11:17:23