| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost između rizičnih faktora poput hipertenzija, dijabetes, aritmije, hipotireoze, astme, alergije, KOPB-a, bubrežne bolesti te štetnih životnih navika sa zatajivanjem srca. Nadalje, dodatni cilj bio je utvrditi ima li polimedikacija bolesnika povezanost sa zatajivanjem srca. Uz te ciljeve željeli smo analizirati povezanost oboljelih i cijepljenih protiv COVID-19 sa srčanim zatajivanjem. Kao krajnji cilj željeli smo analizirati određene labaratorijske parametre (NT-proBNP, troponin, CRP, urati i kalij) u zatajivanju srca.
Materijali i metode: U ovo retrospektivno istraživanje su bila uključena 146 ispitanika s dijagnosticiranim zatajivanjem srca koji su hospitalizirani u KBC-u Split od 2022. do 2023. godine. Podatke od interesa smo uzeli iz bolničkog registra (Hrvatski registar bolesnika sa zatajenjem srca) te grupirali i analizirali na način da smo unijeli u Excel tablicu te nakon toga statistički obradili s ciljem da uvidimo povezanost rizičnih faktora i zatajivanja srca, utjecaj COVID-19 preboljelih i cijepljenih na zatajenje srca, kako polimedikacija utječe na zatajivanje srca, dobno-spolnu raspodjelu u zatajivanju srca te povezanost određenih laboratorijskih parametara (NT-proBNP, troponin, CRP, urati i kalij) sa zatajivanjem srca.
Rezultati: Od 146 ispitanika, 90 su bili muškarci (61,6%), a 56 žene (38,4%). Najveći udio ispitanika (34,2%) pripada dobnoj skupini od 75-84 godine. Nadalje, kada promatramo komorbiditete najveći udio ima druge srčane bolesti (88,4%), aritmiju (62,3%), hipertenziju (61,6%) te dijabetes (43,2%). Od ostalih rizičnih čimbenika, 29,5% promatranih ispitanika su pušači, 17,8% konzumira alkohol, 23,3% je preboljelo COVID, 69,2% ima maior polimedikaciju, 87% ima povišen NT-proBNP, 81,5% ima povišen troponin, 47,9% ima povišene urate te 76% ima povišen CRP. Analizirajući razinu signifikantnosti u vezi s pitanjima dijabetesa, pušenja, konzumacije alkohola i urata, primjećuje se da je vrijednost Fisherovog egzaktnog testa manja od P<0,05. To ukazuje na statistički značajnu razliku u odnosu na spol ispitanika. Konkretno, uočeno je da je dijabetes (52,2%), pušenje (36,7%) i konzumacija alkohola (24,4%) značajno češća u muških ispitanika, dok su normalni urati u većoj mjeri zabilježeni u žena (26,8%).
Zaključak: Naše istraživanje pokazalo je da su s dijagnozom srčanog popuštanja češće hospitalizirani muškarci. Većina pacijenata sa srčanim zatajivanjem ima više rizičnih čimbenika koji pridonose tome. Također smo pokazali da su češće hospitalizirani COVID-19 oboljeli i COVID-19 cijepljeni. Od labaratorijskih parametara uočili smo da većina pacijenata ima povišen NT-proBNP, troponin, CRP, urate te snižen kalij u krvi. |
| Abstract (english) | Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine the correlation between risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, arrhythmias, hypothyroidism, asthma, allergies, COPD, kidney disease and harmful lifestyle habits with heart failure. Furthermore, an additional objective was to determine if patient polypharmacy is correlated with heart failure. In addition to these objectives, we aimed to analyze the correlation between COVID-19 vaccinated and those who were affected with heart failure. As the ultimate goal, we wanted to analyze specific laboratory parameters (NT-proBNP, troponin, CRP, uric acid and potassium) in heart failure
Materials and methods:This retrospective study included 146 subjects diagnosed with heart failure who were hospitalized at University Hospital of Split from 2022 to 2023. We extracted relevant data from the hospital registry (Croatian registry of heart failure patients), which we then grouped and analyzed in an Excel spreadsheet. Our goals were to identify the relationship between risk factors and heart failure, age and gender distribution in heart failure, as well as the association of certain laboratory parametars(NT-proBNP, troponin, CRP, uric acid and potassium) with heart failure.
Results:Out of 146 participants, 90 were males (61.6%) and 56 were females (38.4%). The largest proportion of participants (34.2%) belonged to the age group of 75-84 years. Furthermore, when examining comorbidities, the highest proportion had other heart diseases (88.4%), followed by arrhythmia (62.3%), hypertension (61.6%), and diabetes (43.2%). Among other risk factors, 29.5% of the observed participants were smokers, 17.8% consumed alcohol, 23.3% had previously had COVID, 69.2% had major polypharmacy, 87% had elevated NT-proBNP, 81.5% had elevated troponin, 47.9% had elevated urate, and 76% had elevated CRP. Looking at the level of significance in questions about diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, and urate, it can be observed that the value of Fisher's exact test is P<0.05, indicating a statistically significant difference with respect to participants' gender, where diabetes (52.2%), smoking (36.7%), and alcohol consumption (24.4%) are significantly more prevalent among male participants, while normal urate levels are more commonly found in women (26.8%).
Conclusion: Our research has shown that men with a diagnosis of heart failure are more frequently hospitalized. Most patients with heart failure have multiple risk factors contributing to this. We have also demonstrated that COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals are more frequently hospitalized. From laboratory parameters, we observed that most patients have elevated NT-proBNP, troponin, CRP, uric acid and decreased blood potassium. |
