Objectives: The objectives of this thesis are to investigate the patterns of ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) in the population of two Adriatic islands and the city of Split, and to determine the relationship between ABPI and key cardiovascular risk factors including blood pressure, serum lipids, and sedentary lifestyle. Methods: This thesis uses data from the 10,001 Dalmatians project and in total included data from 2,921 subjects. Of these, 991 subjects originated from the island of Vis, 918 from the island of Korčula and 1,012 from the city of Split. Results: The vast majority of patients presented with a good ABPI, close to 1.0. There were 235 (4.8%) subjects with values of 0.8 or lesser, compared to 35 (0.7%) with an ABPI above 1.2. A low ABPI, below 0.8, was more prevalent among men (121; 10.7% vs 114; 6.4% in women; P<0.001), while a higher ABPI, above 1.2, was more prevalent in the elderly (63.2±10.9 for higher ABPI vs 53.7±14.7 for normal ABPI; P<0.001). The systolic blood pressure for the Vis group was 137.8±23.8 mmHg, for the Korčula group was 139.5±21.7 mmHg, and for the Split group was 130.2±19.4 mmHg. The diastolic blood pressure for the Vis group was 80.6±11.2 mmHg, for the Korčula group was 81.8±9.9 mmHg, and for the Split group was 76.8±10.3 mmHg. The correlation between ABPI and serum lipids was not significant (serum cholesterol: r=-0.05, P=0.464; serum triglycerides: r=0.02, P=0.751; HDL: r=-0.04, P=0.677; LDL: r=-0.05, P=0.391). The ABPI demonstrated a significant correlation with physical activity (r=0.08, P<0.001). Conclusion: A low ABPI, below 0.8, was more prevalent among men, on the other hand, a higher ABPI, above 1.2, was more prevalent in the elderly. Blood pressures measured in the six designated ABPI locations indicated significant differences among the three sub-samples, with some exceptions in pair-wise comparisons between Vis and Korčula. The correlation between ABPI and serum lipids was not significant. The ABPI correlated significantly with physical activity. Since further crucial data is missing, we cannot draw conclusions about the connection between ABPI as a predictor of cardiovascular risk. Additional studies are needed to explore the use of ABPI as a tool in cardiovascular risk assessment.