| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Cilj prvog istraživanja je procjeniti znanje i stavove studenata medicine, dentalne medicine i farmacije o glaukomu. Cilj drugog istraživanja je procijeniti kvalitetu izvještavanja sažetaka RCT-a o glaukomu. Metode: U prvom istraživanju provedeno je presječno anketno istraživanje korištenjem aketnog upitnika u virtualnom obliku. Anketni upitnik podijeljen je predstavnicima svih studijskih godina 2021./2022. Anketni upitnik se sastoji od tri dijela te ukupno 23 pitanja. Prvih 8 pitanja odnose se na demografske podatke o ispitanicima, drugi dio kroz 12 pitanja testira znanje ispitanika o glaukomu, a završni, treći dio u 3 pitanja prikuplja stavove studenata o glaukomu. U drugom istraživanju provedeno je presječno istraživanje sažetaka RCT-a o glaukomu objavljenih između 2017. i 2022.g indeksiranih u MEDLINE/PubMed bazi podataka. Sažetke su pregledala dva neovisna ispitivača, jedan je specijalist oftalmologije s iskustvom u provođenju kliničkih istraživanja, a drugi znanstvenik s iskustvom u pisanju radova o CONSORT smjernicama. Konflikte među ispitivačima rješavao je treći neovisni autor s iskustvom u kliničkim istraživanjima i CONSORT smjernicama. Nad uključenim sažetcima je provedeno ocjenjivanje sukladnosti s CONSORT-A smjernicama pri čemu je sažetak za svaku stavku dobio binarnu ocjenu 0 ili 1, ovisno je li stavka adekvatno opisana. Svaki sažetak je dobio ukupnu ocjenu kvalitete izvještavanja, na skali od 0 do 17 koja odgovara broju stavki koje su opisane sukladno smjernicama. Rezultati: U prvom istraživanju sudjelovalo 312 studenata Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Manje od polovine ukupnog broja studenata uključenih u istraživanje- 42,6% i 53,5% studenata koji su završili kolegij oftalmologije znalo je da je glaukom prvi i glavni uzrok nepovratne sljepoće u svijetu. Uočena je razlika u ovoj stavci znanja između studijskih programa jer je 49,1% studenata medicine imalo znanje o nepovratnoj sljepoći kao posljedici glaukoma, u usporedbi s 31,5% studenata farmacije i 35,7% studenata dentalne medicine, p=0,016. Uočena je statistički značajna razlika u znanju da je primarni glaukom otvorenog kuta asimptomatska bolest kod 60,5% studenata koji su završili kolegij u odnosu na 39,5% studenata koji nisu završili kolegij, p < 0,001. Od studenata koji su završili kolegij, veći udio identificirao je tonometriju (87,2%) i vidno polje kao dijagnostičke metode (50,0%) u usporedbi s 56,6% i 22,1% studenata koji nisu završili kolegij oftalmologije, p < 0,001 za oba testa. U drugo istraživanje uključena su 302 sažetka. Samo 20,5% od svih uključenih sažetaka adekvatno je opisalo dizajn ispitivanja. Ispravan naslov i odgovarajuće podatke o autoru dalo je 39,1% odnosno 45,0% uključenih sažetaka. Intervencije i cilj istraživanja bili su izuzetno dobro prijavljeni (97,4% i 98,0%). Izvještavanje o randomizaciji i zasljepljivanju bio je lošije, sa samo 6,0% i 18,5% sažetaka koji opisuju te stavke. Jedna od loše prijavljenih stavki bile su nuspojave i neželjeni događaji, koji su opisani u samo 28,8% uključenih sažetaka. Izjava o financiranju navedena je u samo 6,0% sažetaka. U 16,6% sažetaka navedeni podaci o registraciji ispitivanja. Samo je jedan sažetak adekvatno prikazao svaku stavku i imao maksimalnu ocjenu 17. Zaključci: Znanje studenata o glaukomu je nezadovoljavajuće, čak i nakon položenog kolegija iz oftalmologije. Poznavanje glaukoma ključno je za ranu identifikaciju bolesti i prevenciju sljepoće. Stoga je važno da svi budući zdravstveni djelatnici steknu adekvatnu edukaciju o glaukomu, važnosti kontinuirane primjene terapije i mogućnostima liječenja. Buduća istraživanja trebala bi uključivati razvoj obrazovnih intervencija specifičnih za glaukom za sve studente biomedicinskih znanosti. Rezultati drugog istraživanja pokazali su da objavljivanje smjernica CONSORT-A još nije pretočeno u bolje izvještavanje u sažetku randomiziranih kontroliranih ispitivanja u području istraživanja glaukoma. Do provedbe ove studije kvaliteta izvještavanja sažetaka randomiziranih kontroliranih ispitivanja o glaukomu nije procijenjena. Pisanje sažetaka prema stavkama iz CONSORT-A dovelo bi do značajnog poboljšanja kvalitete i transparentnosti izvještavanja o istraživanju. |
| Abstract (english) | Objectives: The aim of the first study is to assess the knowledge and attitudes of medical, dental and pharmacy students about glaucoma. The aim of the second study is to assess the reporting quality of glaucoma RCT abstracts. Methods: In the first study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire in virtual form. The survey questionnaire was distributed to representatives of all study years 2021/2022. The questionnaire consists of three parts and a total of 23 questions. The first 8 questions refer to the demographic data of the respondents, the second part through 12 questions tests the knowledge of the respondents about glaucoma, and the final, third part in 3 questions collects the students' attitudes about glaucoma. In another study, a cross-sectional survey of glaucoma RCT abstracts published between 2017 and 2022 indexed in the MEDLINE/PubMed database was conducted. The abstracts were reviewed by two independent reviewers, one an ophthalmology specialist with experience in conducting clinical research, and the other a scientist with experience writing papers on CONSORT guidelines. Conflicts between investigators were resolved by a third independent author with experience in clinical research and CONSORT guidelines. The included summaries were assessed for compliance with the CONSORT-A guidelines, whereby the summary received a binary score of 0 or 1 for each item, depending on whether the item was adequately described. Each abstract was given an overall score for the quality of reporting, on a scale of 0 to 17 that corresponds to the number of items described in accordance with the guidelines. Results: 312 students of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Split participated in the first study. Less than half of the total number of students involved in the research - 42.6% and 53.5% of students who completed the ophthalmology course knew that glaucoma is the first and main cause of irreversible blindness in the world. A difference was observed in this knowledge item between study programs as 49.1% of medical students had knowledge of irreversible blindness as a result of glaucoma, compared to 31.5% of pharmacy students and 35.7% of dental students, p=0.016. A statistically significant difference was observed in the knowledge that primary open angle glaucoma is an asymptomatic disease in 60.5% of students who completed the course compared to 39.5% of students who did not complete the course, p < 0.001. Of the students who completed the course, a higher proportion identified tonometry (87.2%) and visual field (50.0%) as diagnostic methods compared to 56.6% and 22.1% of students who did not complete the ophthalmology course, p < 0.001 for both tests. In the second survey, 302 abstracts were included. Only 20.5% of all included abstracts adequately described the trial design. 39.1% and 45.0% of the included abstracts provided the correct title and appropriate information about the author. Interventions and research objectives were extremely well reported (97.4% and 98.0%). Reporting of randomization and blinding was worse, with only 6.0% and 18.5% of abstracts describing these items. One of the poorly reported items was side effects and adverse events, which were described in only 28.8% of the included abstracts. A funding statement was provided in only 6.0% of abstracts. In 16.6% of the summaries, data on trial registration were provided. Only one summary adequately presented each item and had a maximum score of 17. Conclusions: Students' knowledge about glaucoma is unsatisfactory, even after completing a course in ophthalmology. Knowledge of glaucoma is essential for early identification of the disease and prevention of blindness. Therefore, it is important that all future health professionals acquire adequate education about glaucoma, the importance of continuous application of therapy and treatment options. Future research should include the development of glaucoma-specific educational interventions for all biomedical science students. The results of another study showed that the publication of the CONSORT guidelines has not yet translated into better reporting in summaries of randomized controlled trials in the field of glaucoma research. Until this study was conducted, the quality of reporting of summaries of randomized controlled trials in glaucoma had not been assessed. Writing abstracts according to the CONSORT items would lead to a significant improvement in the quality and transparency of research reporting. |
