| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi postoji li povezanost između mentalnog distresa i rizika za opstrukcijsku apneju tijekom spavanja u populaciji grada Splita i otoka Korčule, te utvrditi povezanost preostalih čimbenika rizika (dnevne pospanosti i trajanja spavanja) s mentalnim zdravljem.
Materijali i metode: Presječno istraživanje, provedeno u okviru projekta „Pleitropija, genske mreže i putevi u izoliranim ljudskim populacijama: 10.001 Dalmatinac“ (HRZZ 8875), obuhvatilo je 3653 ispitanika grada Splita i otoka Korčule. Upitnicima smo prikupili podatke o navikama spavanja, navikama ponašanja, riziku za opstruktivnu apneju u spavanju, procijenili mentalno zdravlje, anamnezom ispitali ranije dijagnosticirane kronične bolesti, a različitim metodama mjerenja prikupili smo podatke o antropometrijskim obilježjima i vrijednostima krvnog tlaka. U statističkoj analizi podataka korišteni su hi-kvadrat test, Mann-Whitney-jev test i Kruskal-Wallis-ov test, dok je za korelaciju korišten Spearaman-ov test rang korelacije. Multivarijatna analiza podataka za identifikaciju čimbenika povezanih s prisutnošću mentalnog distresa provedena je korištenjem logističke regresije.
Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 3653 ispitanika, a mentalni distres bio je prisutan u 818 (22,4%) ispitanika, od kojih je 70,9% bilo žena. Najveći broj ispitanika s prisutnim mentalnim distresom bio je iz područja Blata i Smokvice (417 ispitanika). Ti ispitanici imali su najveću prevalenciju pušača (29,9%), najučestaliju prekomjernu pospanost (4,2%) te anamnestički najveći broj (tri i više) kroničnih bolesti (9,0%). Ispitanici koji su imali tri i više kroničnih bolesti imali su 2,37 puta veću vjerojatnost za prisutnost mentalnog distresa u odnosu na ispitanike bez kroničnih bolesti (OR=2,37; 95% CI 1,67-3,36; P<0,001). Ispitanici koji su imali visoki rizik za OSA-u imali su 66% veću vjerojatnost za prisutnost mentalnog distresa, u odnosu prema ispitanicima koji su imali nizak rizik (OR=1,656; 95% CI 1,325-2,070; P<0,001). Nije pronađena povezanost između prekomjerne dnevne pospanosti (OR 1,295; 95% CI 0,785-2,138, P=0,312), indeksa tjelesne mase (OR 0,992; 95% CI 0,954-1,031; P<0,682), opsega struka (OR 0,999; 95% CI 0,998-1,001; P=0,242), tjelesne aktivnosti (P=,0539) te pušenja (P=0,359) sa mentalnim distresom. Bolji materijalni status (P<0,001) i duže trajanje spavanja (P<0,001) povezani su s manjom vjerojatnosti za istodobnu prisutnost mentalnog distresa.
Zaključak: Prisutnost povećanog rizika za opstrukcijsku apneju tijekom spavanja značajno je povezana s istodobnom prisutnošću mentalnog distresa, dok za prekomjernu dnevnu pospanost nije utvrđena takva povezanost. Uzimajući u obzir da je OSA važan javno-zdravstveni problem, prevencijom, liječenjem i higijenom spavanja možemo osigurati bolje mentalno zdravlje, te rast pojedinca i društva u cjelini. |
| Abstract (english) | Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a relation between increased risk for obstructive sleep apnea and mental health in the population of the Korcula island and the city of Split, and in addition to examine connection between risk factors (daily sleepiness and sleep duration) and mental health.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted in the framework of the project "Pleiotropy, gene networks and pathways in isolated human populations: 10 001 Dalmatians" (HRZZ 8875), included 3,653 respondents from the island of Korcula and the city of Split. We collected data with questionnaires of sleep habits, behavioral habits, risk of obstructive sleep apnea, mental health assessments, history of early diagnosed chronic illnesses. Using various measurement methods we collected data on anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure values. Multivariate data analysis for identification of factors associated with the presence of mental distress was carried out using logistic regression.
Results: A total of 3653 respondents participated in the study, and the mental distress was present in 818 (22.4%) respondents and 70.9% were women. The largest number of respondents with the present mental distress was from the area of Blato and Smokvica (417 respondents). These respondents had the highest prevalence of smokers (29.9%), most frequent excessively sleepiness (4.2%) and anamnestically largest (three and more) chronic diseases (9.0%). Respondents who had three or more chronic diseases had a 2.37 times greater probability for the presence of mental distress compared to subjects without chronic diseases (OR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.67-3.36; P <0.001). Patients with high risk of OSA were 66% more likely to experience mental distress compared to those who had low risk (OR = 1.656; 95% CI 1,325-2,070; P <0.001). No correlaction was found between excessive daily sleepiness (OR 1,295; 95% CI 0,785-2,138; P=0,312), body weight index (OR 0,992; 95% CI 0,954-1,031; P<0,682), waist circumference (OR 0,999; 95% CI 0,998-1,001, P=0,242), physical activity (P=0,539) and smoking (P=0,359) with mental distress. Better material status (P<0,001) and longer sleep duration (P<0,001) were associated with less probability for presence of mental distress.
Conclusion: The presence of increased risk for obstructive sleep apnea is significantly associated with the simultaneous presence of mental distress, while connection with excessive daily sleepiness has not been established. Taking into account that OSA is an important public health problem, prevention, treatment and sleep hygiene can provide better mental health and growth of the individual and the society as a whole. |
