| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Utvrditi učestalost hipodoncije trećih trajnih molara u adolescenata koji su u razdoblju između 2014. i 2018.godine došli na pregled u Stomatološku polikliniku Split.
Materijali i metode: U ovo retrospektivno istraživanje uključili smo pacijente sa Odjela ortodoncije Stomatološke poliklinike Split. Za istraživanje smo izdvojili njihove digitalne ortopantomograme snimljene u Stomatološkoj poliklinici Split. Snimljeni su u razdoblju od 5. ožujka 2014. do 28. siječnja 2018. godine, aparatom Instrumentarium Dental OP200 D Panoramic X-ray uz vrijeme snimanja od 5 sekundi (do 85 kV i 16 mA). Na odabranim ortopantomogramima analizirana je prisutnost trećih trajnih molara.
Rezultati: U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 277 ortopantomograma pacijenata u dobi od dvanaest do devetnaest godina, od toga 161 djevojčica (58,1%) i 116 dječaka (41,9%). Hipodoncija trećih trajnih molara utvrđena je kod 66 pacijenata (23,8%), 27 dječaka (23,3%) i 39 djevojčica (24,2%). Nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u učestalosti hipodoncije među spolovima. Nedostatak jednog trećeg molara zabilježen je u 22 pacijenta (8%), dva u 25 pacijenata (9%), tri u 8 pacijenata (3%), dok su sva četiri nedostajala u 11 pacijenata (4%). U dječaka su najčešće nedostajala dva treća molara (9% dječaka), potom jedan (6%), tri (5%) te sva četiri treća molara (3%). U djevojčica je najčešće nedostajao jedan treći molar (9%), zatim dva (8,7%), četiri (4%) i tri treća molara (2%). Ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u učestalosti hipodoncije jednog, dva, tri i četiri treća molara između dječaka i djevojčica. Najčešće su nedostajali gornji desni (13,7%) te donji lijevi treći molari (isto 13,7%). Gornji lijevi treći molar nedostajao je u 11,9%, a donji desni u 11,5% slučajeva. U djevojčica najčešće je nedostajao donji lijevi treći molar (14%), slijede donji desni (13,7%), gornji desni (12,4%) te gornji lijevi treći molari (9,3%). U dječaka su najčešće nedostajali gornji treći molari (po 15,5%), slijede ih donji lijevi (13%) i donji desni treći molari (9%). Gornji treći molari (jedan ili oba) nedostajali su u 47 pacijenata (17%), u 15,5% djevojčica, a u 19% dječaka. Jedan ili oba donja nedostajala su u 46 pacijenata (16,6%), 19% u djevojčica, a 14% u dječaka. Oba donja nedostajala su u 24 pacijenta (8,7%), u ženskih pacijenata 9,3%, a muških 7,8%. Oba gornja nedostajala su također kod 24 pacijenta (8,7%), međutim češće kod muških pacijenata (12% spram ženskih 6,2%).
Zaključak: Ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u učestalosti hipodoncije trećih molara među spolovima. Gotovo jednak broj pacijenata - 47, imao je nedostatak gornjih (jednog ili oba) (17% od ukupnog broja pacijenata, 71% pacijenata s hipodoncijom), a jednog ili oba donja 46 pacijenata (16,6% ukupnog broja pacijenata, 70% pacijenata s hipodoncijom). U jednakom broju slučajeva (13,7% pacijenata) svih kombinacija hipodoncija nedostajali su gornji desni i donji lijevi treći molari. Slijedi nedostatak gornjeg lijevog (11,9%) te donjeg desnog trećeg molara u 11,5% pacijenata. U ispitivanoj populaciji u najvećem broju slučajeva pacijenata s hipodoncijom nisu se formirala dva zuba (36% svih hipodoncija), zatim jedan zub (33%), sva četiri (17%) i u najmanjem broju slučajeva tri treća molara (14%). |
| Abstract (english) | Objective: To assess the frequency of agenesis of third permanent molars in adolescents who came to the Dental Polyclinic Split in the period from 2014 to 2018.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we included patients from the Dental Polyclinic's Split Department of Orthodontics. For this study, we have singled out their digital orthopantomograms taken at the Dental Polyclinic Split. They were taken in the period from March 5th, 2014 to January 28th, 2018, acquired using the Instrumentarium Dental OP200 D Panoramic X-ray with a recording time of 5 seconds (up to 85 kV and 16 mA). In the selected orthopantomograms, the presence of the third permanent molars was analyzed.
Results: This study included 277 orthopantomograms from patients between 12 and 19 years of age, of which 161 were girls (58.1%) and 116 boys (41.9%). Agenesis of the third permanent molars was found in 66 patients (23.8%), 27 boys (23.3%) and 39 girls (24.2%). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of third molar agenesis among the sexes. Lack of only one third molar was observed in 22 patients (8%), two in 25 patients (9%), three in 8 patients (3%), while all four were missing in 11 patients (4%). The boys lacked the most two third molars (9%), followed by the lack of one (6%), three (5%) and all four third molars (3%). The girls lacked the most one third molar (9%), followed by two third molars (8.7%), then four (4%) and three third molars (2%) respectively. Also, no statistically significant difference was found in the frequency of agenesis of one, two, three and four third molars among the sexes. The upper right (13.7%) and the lower left third molar (13.7%) were mostly missing. The upper left third molar was missing in 11.9%, and the lower right in 11.5% cases. The girls mostly lacked the lower left third molar (14%), followed by the lack of the lower right (13.7%), the upper right (12.4%) and the upper left third molar (9.3%). The boys were most commonly missing the upper third molars (15.5%), followed by the lower left (13%) and finally the lower right molars (9%). The upper third molars (one or both) were missing in 47 patients (17%), 15.5% in girls and 19% in boys. One or both lower teeth were missing in 46 patients (16.6%), 19% in girls, and 14% in boys. Both lower teeth were missing in 24 patients (8.7%), more often in female patients (9.3% versus male 7.8%). Both upper teeth were also missing in 24 patients (8.7%), but more often in male patients (12% versus female 6.2%).
Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference in the frequency of the third molar agenesis among the sexes. Almost the same number of patients – 47, had the agenesis of the upper (one or both) (17% of all patients, 71% of patients with agenesis) third molars, while 46 patients lacked one or both lower third molars (16,6% of all patients, 70% of patients with agenesis). The same number of cases (13.7% of patients) lacked the upper right and the lower left third molars, followed by a lack of the upper left (11.9%) and the lower right third molar in 11.5% of patients. In this study, patients lacked the most two third molars (36% of all agenesis), followed by one (33%), all four (17%) and three third molars (14%). |
