| Abstract | Acetilsalicilna kiselina (ASK) i paracetamol su najpoznatiji OTC lijekovi današnjice, a zbog svoje iznimne važnosti velika je pažnja posvećena unapređenju njihove proizvodnje. Posljednjih godina u farmaceutskoj industriji se sve više uvode procesi po principima zelene kemije. Snaga mikrovalova, kao sastavni dio sinteza zelene kemije, postala je vrlo atraktivna u farmaceutskoj i kemijskoj industriji i u stalnom je porastu. Upotreba mikrovalova dovela je do velikog poboljšanja u proizvodnji i razvoju lijekova. Iako je ova nova tehnologija već napredovala, još uvijek ima mjesta za razvoj i uvođenje mikrovalne opreme u gotovo svaki laboratorij.
Cilj ovog rada je bio istražiti alternativnu metodu sinteze ASK i paracetamola, odnosno njihovu mikrovalnu sintezu te uočiti možebitne prednosti u odnosu na konvencionalni način sinteze. Sinteza acetilsalicilne kiseline je provedena u kućnoj mikrovalnoj pećnici iz salicilne kiseline i anhidrida octene kiseline, a paracetamola iz 4- aminofenola i anhidrida octene kiseline. Dobivena su iskorištenja od 14,64 %, 46,86 %, 51,70 %, 64,07 %, 48,74 %, 66,54 % za acetilsalicilnu kiselinu. Nakon sinteze produkt je identificiran i okarakteriziran FT-IR i DSC metodom te je uočeno dobro slaganje dobivenih rezultata s literaturnim podatcima, što potvrđuje da je dobiven čist produkt. Mikrovalna sinteza paracetamola, prema recepturi iz literature, pokazala se nesigurnom za provedbu u kućnoj mikrovalnoj pećnici. |
| Abstract (english) | Acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol are one of the most known over-the-counter (OTC) drugs nowadays and considering their great importance, great attention has been put on the improvement of their production. Past years, principles of green chemistry in processes of pharmaceutical industry have been applied increasingly. Microwave power, as a consisting part of a green chemistry synthesis, has become very attractive method in pharmaceutical and chemical industry and has been growing all the time. Use of microwave irradiation has brought about a great advancement in drugs production and development. Although this new technology has already progressed, there is still a space for the improvement and introduction of microwave equipment in each laboratory.
The aim of this thesis has been to consider the alternative way of acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol synthesis, therefore their microwave synthesis, and notice its eventual advantages in comparison to their conventional synthesis. Synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid was carried out in a domestic microwave oven using salicylic acid and acetic anhydride, and syntheisis of paracetamol using 4-aminophenol and acetic anhydride. Achieved yields for actylsalicylic acid were of 14,64 %, 46,86 %, 51,70 %, 64,07 %, 48,74 %, 66,54 %. After the synthesis was done, product was identified and characterised by FT-IR spectroscopy and DSC method and it has been noticed good correlation of the obtained results and the literature data, which confirmed that obtained product is pure. Microwave synthesis of paracetamol, following the literature protocol, has showed up as an unsafe synthetic route for carrying out in domestic microwave oven. |
