| Abstract | Objectives: To investigate the patterns of meat consumption and to assess the association between different meat consumption patterns and BMI in a large population-based sample.
Materials and Methods: Examinees from the city of Split (N=1012), the island of Vis (N=1027) and the island of Korčula (N=2945) were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric index included in the analyses was the BMI. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, including age, gender, education, medical history, physical activity, consumption of alcohol, smoking habits, and dietary habits. Dietary pattern was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire including typical food items consumed in Dalmatia. Mediterranean diet was assessed based on the responses from the food frequency questionnaire and a Mediterranean Diet Serving Score was calculated for each subject. Meat consumption was assessed separately for fish, white meat, red meat and processed meat. The statistical analysis was performed using a Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate binary logistic regression.
Results: There was a positive association between fish consumption and age (P=0.004), as well as with the BMI (P=0.004). Results indicated a reduced probability for overweight or obesity in women (OR 0.356, 95% CI 0.304–0.418, P<0.001), subjects living on the Island of Korčula (OR 0.332, 95% CI 0.277–0.397, P<0.001), active smokers (OR 0.712, 95% CI 0.605–0.837, P<0.001) and moderate alcohol consumers (OR 0.802, 95% CI 0.692–0.931, P=0.004). There was a positive association between increased BMI and age (P<0.001), as well as with the presence of one or more chronic diseases (P<0.001) and non-compliance to the Mediterranean diet (OR 1.244, 95% CI 1.070–1.447, P=0.005). Consumption of one or two types of processed meat monthly was also associated with a BMI≥25 kgm2 (2 types, monthly: OR 1.554, 95% CI 1.200–2.011, P=0.001; 1 type, monthly: OR 1.236, 95% CI 1.031–1.482, P=0.022). Regarding obesity, there was a positive association with monthly fish consumption (OR 1.334, 95% CI 1.011–1.760, P=0.042), monthly red meat consumption (OR 1.398, 95% CI 1.039–1.880, P=0.027) and monthly processed meat consumption (OR 1.536, 95% CI 1.126–2.096, P=0.007).
Conclusion: We found a positive association between processed meat, red meat and fish consumption and an increased BMI in the population of Dalmatia. |
| Abstract (croatian) | Ciljevi: Istražiti obrasce konzumacije mesa i procijeniti povezanost između konzumacije različitih vrsta mesa i indeksa tjelesne mase (ITM) u velikom uzorku iz opće populacije.
Materijali i metode: Ispitanici iz grada Splita (N=1012), s otoka Visa (N=1027) i s otoka Korčule (N=2945) bili su uključeni u ovo presječno istraživanje. Antropometrijski indeks uključen u analizu bio je ITM. Podaci su prikupljeni korištenjem upitnika o dobi, spolu, obrazovanju, povijesti bolesti, tjelesnoj aktivnosti, konzumiranju alkohola, navikama pušenja i prehrambenim navikama. Prehrambene navike procijenjene su pomoću upitnika o učestalosti konzumacije pojedinih namirnica koje se tipično koriste u Dalmaciji. Mediteranska prehrana je procijenjena na temelju odgovora na taj upitnik i izračunat je indeks mediteranske prehrane za svakog ispitanika (engl. Mediterranean Diet Serving Score). Potrošnja mesa je procijenjena odvojeno za ribu, bijelo meso, crveno meso i prerađeno meso. Statistička analiza provedena je pomoću hi-kvadrat testa, Kruskal-Wallisovog testa i multivarijatne logističke regresije.
Rezultati: Zabilježena je pozitivna povezanost između konzumacije ribe i dobi (P=0,004), kao i ITM-a (P=0,004). Rezultati ukazuju na smanjenu vjerojatnost za prekomjernu tjelesnu masu ili pretilost kod žena (OR 0,356; 95% CI 0,304-0,418; P<0,001), ispitanika koji žive na otoku Korčuli (OR 0,332; 95% CI 0,277-0,397; P<0,001), onih koji puše (OR 0,712; 95% CI 0,605-0,837; P<0,001) i umjereno konzumiraju alkohol (OR 0,802;95% CI 0,692-0,931; P=0,004). Postojala je i pozitivna povezanost između povećanog ITM-a i dobi (P<0,001), kao i prisutnosti jedne ili više kroničnih bolesti (P<0,001) i nepridržavanje mediteranske prehrane (OR 1,244; 95% CI 1,070-1,447; P=0,005). Potrošnja jedne ili dvije vrste prerađenog mesa na mjesečnoj razini je također bila povezana s ITM≥25 kg/m2 (2 vrste prerađenog mesa konzumirane mjesečno: OR 1,554; 95% CI 1,200-2,011; P=0,001; 1 vrsta prerađenog mesa mjesečno: OR 1,236; 95% CI 1,031-1,482; P=0,022). Zabilježena je i pozitivna povezanost između pretilosti i mjesečne potrošnje ribe (OR 1,334; 95% CI 1,011-1,760; P=0,042), mjesečne potrošnje crvenog mesa (OR 1,398; 95% CI 1,039-1,880; P=0,027), kao i mjesečne potrošnje prerađenog mesa (OR 1,536; 95% CI 1,126-2,096; P=0,007).
Zaključak: Pronašli smo povezanost između povećanog indeksa tjelesne mase i konzumiranja prerađenog mesa, crvenog mesa i ribe u populaciji Dalmacije. |
