Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the laws and incentives for clinical trials in pediatric population of selected countries and compare them to the number of phase III clinical trials in pediatric population funded by the industry, as well as the percentage of phase III. pediatric clinical trials in the total number of phase III clinical trials, both funded by the industry, in the last ten years. Material and Methods: A comparative review was conducted of legislation and incentives for clinical trials in pediatric population of twenty differently developed countries and the EU. Publications and guidelines of the country's legislative agencies, as well as the scientific publications and publications of professional organizations dealing with the development of drugs for the pediatric population have been reviewed. Furthermore, number of phase III pediatric clinical trials and their percentage in the total number of phase III clinical trials, funded by the industry and registered at clinicaltrials.gov for the period from 2008th to 2017th was calculated for countries included in the study. Results: The incentives for clinical trials in pediatric population that have been adopted by most countries included in the study were a supplementary protection certificate or a multi-year data exclusivity. The EU, the USA and Switzerland have developed legislation for clinical trials in pediatric population, along with the system of obligations for their implementation. Highly developed countries have strictly regulated legislations and incentives for clinical trials in pediatric population. However, underdeveloped countries are prefered for conducting pediatric clinical trials because of the ease of their conducting. In EU, Japan and Switzerland there was an increase in the number of pediatric clinical trials after forming incentives for conducting them. Conclusions: This study identified inequalities in the level of regulations and obligations to conduct clinical trials on pediatric population among the countries included in the study. No consistent relation between phase III pediatric clinical trials in the total number of phase III clinical trials and the incentives for conducting clinical trials among the countries included in the study has been established. The most common legislations that govern clinical trials in pediatric population are ICH Guidelines, Good Manufacturing Practice Guidelines and EU Guidelines.