Title Kliničke karakteristike, dijagnostički pristup i liječenje djece s Duchenneovom mišićnom distrofijom u Dalmaciji
Title (english) Clinical characteristics, diagnostic approach and treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Dalmatia
Author Marta Plejić
Mentor Radenka Kuzmanić-Šamija (mentor)
Committee member Branka Polić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Joško Markić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Zenon Pogorelić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Split School of Medicine (Pediatrics) Split
Defense date and country 2020, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Pediatrics
Abstract Cilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi kliničke karakteristike, dijagnostičke i terapijske postupke kod bolesnika s Duchenneovom mišićnom distrofijom i procijeniti učinkovitost skrbi takvih bolesnika liječenih u Klinici za dječje bolesti KBC-a Split.
Materijali i metode: Provedeno je presječno i retrospektivno istraživanje. Retrospektivnom analizom medicinske dokumentacije izdvojeni su bolesnici s distrofinopatijama i njihovi konktakti. Od roditelja bolesnika dobili su se podaci o stanju bolesnika prije same dijagnoze, o trenutačnom stanju i svakodnevnom funkcioniranju te novija medicinska dokumentacija. Izdvojeni su podaci o sadašnjoj dobi, dobi pri postavljanju dijagnoze, tipovima mutacija, metodama potvrde dijagnoze, kliničkoj slici i terapiji koju primaju. Brojčani parametri uključivali su: ejekcijsku frakciju, nalaze spirometrije, mineralnu gustoću kostiju dobivenu denzitometrijom te indeks tjelesne mase. Prikazani su podaci o dvojici bolesnika s besmislenom mutacijom u distrofinskom genu koji primaju gensku terapiju atalurenom.
Rezultati: U istraživanje je uključeno ukupno 9 ispitanika, 8 s dijagnozom Duchenneove (DMD) i 1 s dijagnozom Beckerove mišićne distrofije (BDM). Dob pri dijagnozi DMD bila je u rasponu između 2 i 6,5 godina, dok je kod ispitanika s BMD postavljena u dobi od 11 godina. Od tipova mutacija, 4 bolesnika ima delecije, 3 duplikacije i 2 točkaste mutacije. Najveći broj dijagnoza, uz MLPA analizu, uključivao je i biopsiju mišića. 6 ispitanika samostalno su pokretni, dok je 3 ispitanika ovisno o uporabi kolica. Ejekcijska frakcija uredna je kod svih ispitanika, dok najstariji ispitanik u studiji jedini ima patološki ultrazvuk srca sa znakovima kardiomiopatije. Plućna funkcija uredna je kod 7 ispitanika, dok su 2 razvila kroničnu plućnu insuficijenciju i koriste metode ne invazivne ventilacije, kao što je ne invazivna ventilacija pozitivnim tlakom i metode potpomognutog kašljanja. Na glukokortikoidnoj terapiji ukupno je 6 ispitanika i svi primjenjuju deflazacort. Povećan rizik od patoloških prijeloma zbog smanjene gustoće kostiju nalazi se u 3 ispitanika. 2 ispitanika na genskoj su terapiji atalurenom. 1 od njih prima terapiju 8 mjeseci i samostalno je pokretan, dok drugi prima terapiju 6 godina, više nema sposobnost samostalnog kretanja, ali mu je očuvana funkcija ruku što mu omogućuje upravljanje kolicima, oblačenje i osobnu higijenu.
Zaključak: Bolesnici s DMD uz osnovnu progresivnu slabost mišića, razvijaju i komplikacije drugih organskih sustava, a najveći uzrok mortaliteta i morbiditeta čine respiratorne i kardiološke komplikacije. Važnost multdisciplinarne skrbi kod bolesnika s DMD ogleda se u sprečavanju komplikacija koje se mogu predvidjeti, prolongaciji životnog vijeka te podizanjem kvalitete života. Genske terapije sve više zauzimaju mjesto u liječenju DMD, a rezultati studija tih uzročnih terapija pokazuju ohrabrujuće rezultate.
Abstract (english) Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the clinical characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and to evaluate the effectiveness of care of such patients treated at the University hosiptal of Split.
Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted. Patients with dystrophinopathies and their contacts were singled out by retrospective analysis of medical documentation. The patient's parents provided information on the patient's anamnesis and more recent medical documentation. Data on current age, age at diagnosis, types of mutations, methods of confirming the diagnosis, clinical picture and therapy they are receiving have been extracted. Numerical parameters included: ejection fraction, spirometry findings, bone mineral density obtained by densitometry, and body mass index. Data on two patients with a missense mutation in the dystrophin gene receiving ataluren gene therapy are presented.
Results: A total of 9 subjects were included in the study, 8 with a diagnosis of Duchenne (DMD) and 1 with a diagnosis of Becker muscular dystrophy (BDM). The age at diagnosis of DMD ranged between 2 and 6.5 years, while in subjects with BMD it was set at 11 years of age. Of the mutation types, 4 patients have deletions, 3 duplications, and 2 point mutations. Most diagnoses, in addition to MLPA analysis, included muscle biopsy. 6 subjects are mobile independently, while 3 subjects are dependent on wheelchair use. The ejection fraction was normal in all subjects, while the oldest subject in the study was the only one to have a pathological ultrasound of the heart with signs of cardiomyopathy. Pulmonary function was normal in 7 subjects, while 2 developed chronic pulmonary insufficiency and used non-invasive ventilation methods. There are a total of 6 subjects on glucocorticoid therapy and all are using deflazacort. An increased risk of pathological fractures due to decreased bone density is found in 3 subjects. 2 subjects are on gene therapy with ataluren. 1 of them receives therapy for 8 months and is self-propelled, while the other receives therapy for 6 years, no longer has the ability to move independently, but his hand function is preserved.
Conclusion: Patients with DMD, in addition to basic progressive muscle weakness, also develop complications of other organ systems, especially respiratory and cardiac complications. The importance of multidisciplinary care in patients with DMD is reflected in the prevention of complications, prolongation of life expectancy and raising the quality of life. Gene therapies are increasingly taking place in the treatment of DMD, and the results of studies of these causal therapies show encouraging results.
Keywords
Duchenneova mišićna distrofija
Dijete
Genetska terapija
Keywords (english)
Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne
Child
Genetic Therapy
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:171:990308
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2020-09-15 13:21:46