Newborn child in the first four weeks or 28 days of life. It is believed that this is the period in which the child with all their organ systems accustomed to (adapt) to the extra-life. Cutting the umbilical cord comes to anatomical separation of the mother of a newborn. That moment the child becomes independent of the placenta and quite independently performing oxygenation, excretion, and the elimination diet. During intrauterine life and the functions performed by the mother through the placenta (placenta). Healthy term infant is born with a weight of 3000 to 4200 grams (average of 3200 grams). The boys had an average of 100 to 150 grams heavier than girls. Length donošenog newborn is between 49 and 51 cm. The impetus for the first breath a decrease of the partial pressure of oxygen in blood, increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, a sudden change in temperature, light stimulus and decompression of the chest. During the first 24 hours is required heightened surveillance newborn, comprising: control of the navel (due to bleeding), measurement of body temperature (possible fever or hypothermia), control of possible vomiting (possibly vomiting swallowed mucus secretions and amniotic fluid, so there is no danger of aspiration), observation and measurement of breath - the type and frequency control, pass meconium - the first chair, control of urination, and monitoring of breastfeeding. In this period, a major role to midwives who are concerned about proper care and nutrition.