Compression fractures of the thoracolumbar spine are an important medical and public health problem that imply a reduction in the height of a vertebral body, which can be caused by various factors. Given the fact that these fractures belong to a group of the most common pathological damages to the spine, it is essential to provide a patient with quick, accurate, and precise medical treatment. Compression fractures of the thoracolumbar spine can occur in different ways, but the main damage mechanism would be a fracture of the vertebral body caused by severe pressure or force. The most common cause of compression fractures is osteoporosis, a disease characterized by reduced bone density. Other causes would include trauma and spine tumors. Compression fractures of the thoracolumbar vertebrae are diagnosed with a physical examination and diagnostic imaging tests like classic radiography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Densitometry is a method used for monitoring the course of the disease, as well as the healing process of the fracture. Even though this type of fracture most often causes pain, some of the gradually developing fractures do not cause symptoms. Hence, this causes compression fractures to be an accidental finding discovered during the radiographic imaging for another condition. Although most vertebral compression fractures are subclinical, they can cause pain, disability, and deformities, as well as a premature death. As a result, it is critical to determine the proper approach and method of treatment in order to avoid unfavorable and severe consequences.