Today, neurological diseases represent an important medical and public health problem. Arterial spin labeling is a relatively new, non-invasive technique for measuring cerebral blood flow in magnetic resonance imaging, which provides information of brain perfusion, without the use of an exogenous contrast agent. There are several different arterial spin labeling techniques, the most commonly used is the pseudo-continuous labeling method. When labeling the arterial spin, several types of artifacts can occur, which are important to know, because they can affect the accuracy of the interpretation of perfusion. Arterial spin labeling is used in suspicion of various neurological diseases and conditions such as brain tumors, epilepsy, psychiatric and other neurological disorders, neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases and arteriovenous malformations and fistulas. Despite its many advantages, this method has several disadvantages such as complexity of application and following image post-processing and low signal-to-noise ratio, which is the cause of insufficient use in clinical practice. Considering the complexity of neurological diseases, brain research and diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach, so the arterial spin labeling technique is used in combination with other MR techniques for the purpose of precise diagnosis.