The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, posed a global health challenge that required rapid reorganization of healthcare systems and the implementation of strict protective measures. The gold standard for diagnosing COVID infection is certainly the RT-PCR test, along with radiological methods that provide specific visual indications of the disease. The radiological presentation of COVID-19 infection includes thoracic organ radiographs used to evaluate lung changes, computed tomography (CT) which offers a detailed view of abnormalities caused by the infection, PET/CT and lung ultrasound (LUS) which further assist in diagnosis and monitoring, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used for a detailed assessment of complications and post-COVID syndrome. The complications of COVID-19 infection with the highest incidence are pulmonary, neurological, hematological, renal, and cardiac. During the pandemic, their severity and unpredictability became evident, as they further complicated the disease outcome and recovery. Post-COVID syndrome and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children provide particular inspiration and motivation for new scientific research due to their characteristic clinical features. Artificial intelligence algorithms have proven to be a significant auxiliary tool in the radiological processing of COVID patients, aiding in faster and more accurate diagnosis, and facilitating patient condition assessment and monitoring disease progression.