Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality of newborns and the second leading cause of mortality of children in the world. Children who were born premature arrive to the world with a notably decreased body weight and often have problems with respiration, sight, hearing, and also have problems with body movements and gestures. lot of these problems follow the child throughout his life. Fortunately, even for early born children, the outcome is often positive and is improving constantly. The best way to treat preterm parturition is to prevent it. The risk can be diminuished by regular visits of the doctor, by avoiding cigarettes and drugs and by consulting your doctor in the case of any signs or disturbances which may implicate preterm parturition or other complications. Although modern technology have made it so much easier and sometimes allowed for the earlyborn children and newborns of decreased body weight to be successfully treated, still the most important factor of success remains the team of doctors neonatologists, midwives and nurses who, by their immediate contact with the newborn and the parents, have contributed to the creation of an emotive bond, diminuished fear and due to their knowledge, competences and experience contributed to the well-being of the child.