Acute scrotum is a clinical syndrome which manifests itself with the painful swelling of the scrotum and is often followed by general symptoms. Testicular torsion is one of the most common causes of acute scrotum but it can also be caused by ischemia, trauma, infection, inflammatory condition or hernia. Ultrasound Color Doppler is the gold standard in diagnosis of acute scrotum. The physical examination should include the inspection and palpation of the abdomen, testis, epididymis, scrotum and the area of the adductor magnus in the affected area. Most children need surgical exploration, which is often therapeutic and diagnostic because the testicle begins to become necrotic after 6 hours after the onset of the first symptoms. This is the reason why surgery should not be delayed by diagnostic treatment. A child who has been operated due to acute scrotum is registered at a paediatric surgery department with an adequate psycho-physical preparation of a competent nurse who through dedicated work and professionalism creates a sense of trust between the child, health workers and parents. The most common problems occurring in preoperative and postoperative health care are: pain connected with illness, fear of hospitalization, nausea with general anaesthesia, bleeding under the operative procedure and an infection of the postoperative wound. The individualized approach and the adequate psychological preparation of children and parents is an enormous help in relieving the illness, facilitating hospitalization, preventing hospitalization and accelerating recovery.