As the number of performed radiological examinations increases every year, it is important to realize that any radiation exposure is harmful. This is especially important in pediatric patients since children are more vulnerable to radiation than adults. Pediatric patients are one of the most demanding groups of patients and pose a special challenge for radiologic technologist because they often do not cooperate and can not remain calm during the exposure. Therefore, it is necessary to devote the effort and time of proper positioning and immobilization before exposure, as it ensures a good quality of the recorded body part and reduces the need for repeated imaging and thus reduces the radiation dose. Simple forms of immobilization include the use of materials and equipment commonly found in radiological departments and some special mechanical devices for immobilization of children, and complex immobilization procedures with sedation and anesthesia are most commonly used in computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. For methods that use ionizing radiation, one of the most important measures of protection is the justification of clinical indication. If a radiological examination is needed, it is necessary to follow the general and special guidelines for x-ray of children and to adjust the recording technique and parameters of exposure according to age and weight of each child in particular. Before each exposure, it is important to consider the possibility of using alternative imaging methods that do not have ionizing radiation. For this reason, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound are methods of choice in pediatric radiography. The magnetic resonance provide an image of the recorded part of the body in all three planes, and the main disadvantage is the long duration of the examination and the need for sedation of the child. Ultrasound has a special place in pediatric diagnostics where it is used for brain and hips examination, and is also a method of choice for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children.