Title Radiološka dijagnostika koštano - zglobnog sustava Title (english) RADIOLOGY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING OF THE BONE AND JOINT SYSTEM Author Marijo Kujundžić-Lujan Mentor Maja Marinović Guić (mentor)Committee member Maja Marinović Guić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Ana Čarić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Tatjana Matijaš (predsjednik povjerenstva) Granter University of Split Defense date and country 2018-07-06, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Koštano-zglobni sustav uz mišiće čini glavnu potporu ljudskog tijela. Osim što je glavna potpora tijelu, koštani sustav ima i ostale funkcije kao što su zaštita organa, biokemijski je regulator kalcija i drugih minerala, mjesto je stvaranja krvnih stanica te služi kao polazište i hvatište mišića. Zglobni sustav ostvaruje spojeve između kostiju i glavni je pokretač skeleta oko kojeg se vrše različite kretnje pomoću mišićnog i živčanog sustava.
Klasična radiografija bezbolna je i neinvazivna dijagnostička metoda koja se zasniva na primjeni rendgenskog zračenja za snimanje različitih dijelova tijela i organa. Konvencionalna radiografija obavlja se kao jedan od osnovnih pregleda pri ispitivanju koštano-zglobnog sustava, pa se koristi kada postoji ozljeda nekog dijela tijela sa sumnjom na prijelom kosti, iščašenje zgloba, istegnuće ligamenata, kada se primjeti deformitet ili otok zgloba ili kosti te kod pojave boli u različitim dijelovima tijela (rukama, nogama, grudima, abdomenu i glavi). Ova metoda može brzo i jednostavno pružiti informacije o ozljedama kostiju, degenerativnim bolestima kostiju, tumorima i cistama koštano-zglobnog sustava i deformitetima (urođenim i stečenim tijekom života).
Iako se klasična radiografija većinom koristi kao metoda prvog izbora pri oslikavanju koštano-zglobnog sustava postoje i druge metode koje bolje prikazuju mekotkivne strukture vezane uz taj sustav. To su u prvom redu kompjutorizirana tomografija, magnetna rezonancija i ultrazvučna dijagnostika te PET/CT, scintigrafija i denzitometrija kao dio nuklearne medicine.
Bolesti i poremećaji koštano-zglobnog sutava mogu nastati na različite načine. Tako će prijelomi kostiju i luksacije većinom nastati zbog udarca ili padova dok će se tumori i metaboličke bolesti razviti same zbog narušenog tjelesnog zdravlja, pada imuniteta ili zbog poremećaja u kemijskom sastavu kostiju i zglobova. Neovisno o kojem poremećaju se radi, bitno je intervenirati profesionalno, efikasno i u što kraćem roku.
Abstract (english) Skeletal system is the main support of human body. Beside support, it has other functions such as organ protection, biochemical regulation of calcium and other minerals, a place where blood cells are produced and it represents origin or insertion of muscles. The articular system represents bone joints and it is the main initiator of the skeleton around which different movements are performed by the muscular and nervous system.
Conventional radiography is a painless and non-invasive diagnostic method based on the use of x-rays to capture different parts of the body and organs. Conventional radiography is performed as one of the basic examinations of skeletal system and it is used when there is a suspicion of bone fracture, joint wound, ligament expulsion, deformity, edema or pain in different parts of the body (hands, feet, chest, abdomen and head). This method can quickly and easily provide information on bone injuries, degenerative bone diseases, tumor and cyst disorders, and deformities (born and acquired during life).
Although conventional radiography are mostly used as the first choice method for skeletal system imaging, there are other methods which better illustrate the soft-tissue structures associated with this system. These are primarily computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound diagnostics as well as PET-CT, scintigraphy and densitometry as part of nuclear medicine.
Diseases and disorders of the bone and joint can occur in different ways. With that being said, fractures and luxation of bones are mostly caused by a stroke or a fall, while tumors and metabolic diseases develop due to impaired physical health, decreased immunity, or disorders in the chemical composition of the bones and joints. No matter what kind of a disorder is, it is essential to intervene professionally, efficiently and as soon as possible.
Keywords
radiološka dijagnostika
koštano zglobni sustav
radiografija (ključne riječi unio urednik)
Keywords (english)
radiology diagnostic
bone and joint system
radiography (ključne riječi unio urednik)
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:176:754405 Study programme Title: Radiologic Technology (university/undergraduate) Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-05-25 09:17:45
