Title Gestacijski dijabetes i primaljska skrb u zbrinjavanju trudnica s GDM
Title (english) GESTATIONAL DIABETES AND MIDWIFE'S CARE OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS
Author Magdalena Matić
Mentor Zdeslav Benzon (mentor)
Committee member Zdeslav Benzon (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Diana Aranza (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Mario Marendić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Split (University Department of Health Studies) Split
Defense date and country 2019-09-30, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences
Abstract Šećernu bolest klasificiramo kao šećernu bolest tipa 1 kod koje propadaju beta stanice gušterače koje luče inzulin. Tip 2 šećerne bolesti kod kojeg se javlja otpornost na inzulin te gestacijski dijabetes koji se prvi put dijagnosticira u trudnoći.
Prema populacijskim ispitivanjima, incidencija gestacijskog dijabetesa je 2 do 6% trudnica te izrazito varira po etničkim skupinama. Najjači rizični čimbenik je dob.
Šećerna bolest nastaje zbog apsolutnog ili relativnog manjka ili djelovanja inzulina, a rezultat je hiperglikemija. Dijabetes u trudnoći može uzrokovati mnogobrojne probleme kako za majku tako i dijete. Trudnice sa pregestacijskim dijabetesom imaju povećan rizik od spontanih pobačaja, preeklampsije, rađanja djece sa kongenitalnim malformacijama te makrosomne djece.
Fetalna makrosmija se definira kao povećanje tjelesne mase iznad 4000 g u terminu, odnosno kada je dijete veće od 90. centile za svoju dob. Intrauterini rast fetusa rezultat je djelovanja genskog potencijala i potpore za rast koju fetus dobiva preko posteljice od majke. Razlikujemo simetrični i asimetrični.
Od majčinskih komplikacija najčešće su infekcije, preeklampsija, dijabetična nefropatija i retinopatija. Od fetalnih komplikacija najčešće su anomalije razvitka, hipoksija, hipogliekmija, respiracijski distres itd.
OGTT ( test dvosatnog opterećenja 75 g glukozom) koristimo kao kriterij za dijagnosticiranje GDM – a. Primalja kao dio edukacije i liječenja gestacijskog dijabetesa dužna je informirati trudnicu o mogućim komplikacijama i rizicima koje šećerna bolest nosi sa sobom. Stvoriti empatijski odnos i biti dostupna za eventualna pitanja i podršku.
Abstract (english) Diabetes mellitus is classified as a type 1 diabetes mellitus which occurs when the body fails to produce insulin. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin is produced either in insufficient quantities or the cells are insulin resistant. The gestational diabetes is diagnosed for the first time in pregnancy.
According to population surveys, the incidence of gestational diabetes is 2 to 6% of pregnant women and varies extensively across ethnic groups. The strongest risk factor is age.
Diabetes mellitus is caused by absolute or relative lack of insulin or by its inefficacy. Diabetes in pregnancy can cause many problems for both mother and a child. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes have an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia, childbirth with congenital malformations and macrosomic babies.
Fetal macrosomia is defined as an increase in body mass above 4000 g on the due date, or when the baby is greater than 90th percentile for its age. Intrauterine fetal growth is the result of the action of the gene potential and the growth support which the fetus receives over the mother's placenta. There is symmetric and asymmetric fetal growth.
Most common complications that can affect mother are infections, preeclampsia, diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Fetal complications are usually anomalies of development, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress symptom, etc.
OGTT (a two-hour, 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test) is caused as a criteria for diagnosis of GDM.
Treatment is mainly carried out by basic measures and pills, and insulin is given only when the results are not satisfying. It is only administered parenterally, intramuscularly or intravenously. Midwife, as a part of education and the treatment of gestational diabetes, is obliged to inform about possible complications and risks
Keywords
šećerna bolest
tip 1
tip 2
inzulin
gestacijski dijabetes
trudnice
primalja
Keywords (english)
diabetes mellitus
type 1
type 2
insulin
gestational diabetes
pregnant women
midwife
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:176:466097
Study programme Title: Midwifery (university/undergraduate) Study programme type: university Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: sveučilišni prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primaljstva (sveučilišni prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primaljstva)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2020-06-24 08:27:15