| Abstract | Porast globalne ekološke svijesti značajno je utjecao na razvoj područja zelene kemije u sklopu kojega su od velikog interesa istraživanja o sintezi, svojstvima i primjeni niskotemperaturnih eutektičkih otapala. Niskotemperaturna eutektička otapala su zbog svoje niske toksičnosti, biorazgradivosti i jednostavne pripreme istisnula svoje prethodnike, ionske kapljvine te se smatra da su pogodnija „zelena“ zamjena za štetna organska otapala. Niskotemperaturno eutektičko otapalo dobiva se miješanjem dviju ili više komponenata pri čemu dolazi do smanjenja tališta smjese u odnosu na ishodišne komponente i tekuće je pri sobnoj temperaturi. Navedena otapala su našla svoju primjenu u kemijskoj industriji, ekstrakciji organskih spojeva, biokatalizi, prehrambenoj i farmaceutskoj indutriji, itd. Za farmaceutsku industriju jedan od najvećih problema, ali i izazova, je slaba topljivost i loša permeabilnost djelatnih farmaceutskih tvari što se nastoji rješiti raznim tehnikama i pristupima, od kojih je jedan primjena niskotemperaturnih eutektičkih otapala. Navedena otapala istražuju se prvenstveno kao otapala za otapanje djelatne farmaceutske tvari te za sintezu tzv. terapeutskih niskotemperaturnih eutektičkih otapala kojima je jedna od komponenti djelatna farmaceutska tvar. U ovom radu dan je pregled sinteze i svojstava niskotemperaturnih eutektičkih otapala te njihova podjela. Također su navedene mogućnosti razvoja novih formulacija djelatnih farmaceutskih tvari niske topljivosti i permeabilnosti u kombinaciji s niskotemperaturnim eutektičkim otapalima sa ciljem povećanja njihove biodostupnosti. |
| Abstract (english) | The rise of global ecological awareness has significantly influenced the development of the field of green chemistry, within which research on the synthesis, properties and application of deep eutectic solvents is of great interest. Due to their low toxicity, biodegradability and simple preparation, deep eutectic solvents have surpassed their predecessors, ionic liquids, and are considered to be a more suitable "green" substitute for harmful organic solvents. Deep eutectic solvent is obtained by mixing two or more components whereby the melting point of the mixture decreases in comparison to the starting components and it is liquid at room temperature. Hence, these solvents have found their application in the chemical industry, extraction of organic compounds, biocatalysis, food and pharmaceutical industry, etc. For the pharmaceutical industry, one of the biggest problems, but also challenges, is the low solubility and poor permeability of active pharmaceutical substances, which is sought to be solved by various techniques and approaches, among others by the use of deep eutectic solvents. The deep eutectic solvents are primarily investigated as a solvents for dissolving the active pharmaceutical substance and later in the synthesis of so-called therapeutic deep eutectic solvents, in which one of the components is active pharmaceutical ingredient. Therefore, this graduation thesis presents an overview of the synthesis and properties of deep eutectic solvents as well as the possibility for a development of new formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredients of low solubility and permeability in combination with deep eutectic solvents with the aim of increasing their bioavailability. |
