Title Napasivanje kao čimbenik proizvodnosti tovne junadi
Title (english) Grazing as a factor of beef cattle productivity
Author Ivan Špoljar
Mentor Ranko Gantner (mentor)
Committee member Gordana Bukvić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Pero Mijić (član povjerenstva)
Granter Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek (Department of Plant Production and Biotechnology) Osijek
Defense date and country 2023-01-30, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES Agronomy Feeding Animals
Abstract Ciljevi istraživanja su prikazati utjecaj biljne mase, dnevnog obroka ispaše i vrste biljaka u tratini na konzumaciju i prirast junadi, vrste pašnjaka, njihov godišnji prinos krme i utjecaj na ukupni prirast tjelesne mase po hektaru, i metode napasivanja ili zaposjedanja pašnjaka. Istraživanje je provedeno metodom pregleda prethodno objavljene literature. Istraživanje je pokazalo da se na paši mogu dobiti manji prosječni dnevni prirasti negoli kod hranidbe TMR obrocima bogatima koncentriranim krmivima. Na dobroj paši očekivani prosječni dnevni prirasti su najčešće između 0,5 i 1,0 kg/grlu/dan. Za postizanje visokih prirasta na paši (oko 1 kg/grlu/dan) potrebno je da ispaša bude visoke kvalitete (u vegetativnim stadijima razvoja biljaka), da prisutna biljna masa bude između 1 i 3 tST/ha, te da ponuđeni dnevni obrok ispaše bude nešto veći (za 20 do 30 % veći) od ciljane dnevne konzumacije suhe tvari ispaše. Očekivana dnevna konzumacija ispaše je oko 2,5 % u odnosu na tjelesnu masu životinja. Na obilnoj i kvalitetnoj ispaši može biti veća, dok je na oskudnoj ispaši i ispaši loše kvalitete (zastarjela, odvenjela, požutjela) obično znatno manja. Dnevna konzumacija ispaše i dnevni prirast tjelesne mase ovise i o prisutnim biljnim vrstama u tratini. Najbolji prirasti su na travama hladne sezone (osim vlasulje trstikaste), osobito na ljuljevima jer su slatki. Poželjno je da u tratini bude prisutan poželjan udio višegodišnjih mahunarki (djetelina i lucerne), do oko 30 %, što povećava prirast i konzumaciju. Prirasti i konzumacija na travama tople sezone su manji zbog prosječno niže kvalitete takvih trava. Ipak, njihovo prisustvo u tratini omogućuje dobre poraste biljne mase tijekom druge polovice ljeta, kada trave hladne sezone ulaze u ljetnu dormanciju. Za uspješno napasivanje potrebno je prethodno planiranje potrebne površine pašnjaka, koje se temelji na procjeni sezonske konzumacije ispaše i sezonskog prinosa pašnjaka. Izborom metode napasivanja postiže se odgovarajuće iskorištenje prinosa, očuvanje tratine, dobar ponovni porast i sezonski prinos ispaše. Složenost rukovođenja i potrebne unutarnje pregrade pašnjaka također ovise o izabranoj metodi napasivanja. Pašnjaci zasnovani na oranicama imaju visoke očekivane prinose ispaše, dok pašnjaci na trajnim travnjacima imaju niske. Visoki prinosi su povezani s visokim ukupnim prirastima tjelesne mase po jedinici površine. Prinosi pašnjaka se mogu povećati melioracijama i primjerenom agrotehnikom.
Abstract (english) The goals of the research are to show the influence of herbage mass, daily herbage allowance and pasture species in the grassland on consumption and growth of beef cattle, types of pastures, their annual forage yield and impact on total body weight gain per hectare, and grazing or stocking methods. The research was conducted as a literature review. Research has shown that lower average daily gains can be obtained on pasture than when feeding TMR rations rich in concentrated feeds. On good pasture, the expected average daily gains are usually between 0.5 and 1.0 kg/head/day. In order to achieve high gains on pasture (about 1 kg/head/day), it is necessary that the pasture is of high quality (in the vegetative stages of plant development), that the present herbage mass is between 1 and 3 tDM/ha, and that the offered daily herbage allowance is slightly higher (by 20 to 30 % higher) than the target daily pasture dry matter intake. The expected daily passture dry matter intake is about 2.5% in relation to the body weight of the animals. It can be higher on abundant and high-quality pastures, while it is usually significantly lower on scarce and poor-quality pastures (mature, withered, yellowed). The daily pasture dry matter intake and the daily body weight gain also depend on the plant species present in the pasture. The best gain is on cool-season grasses (except tall fescue), especially on ryegrasses because they are sweet. It is desirable that the pasture contains a desirable share of perennial legumes (clovers and alfalfa), up to about 30%, what increases the liveweight gain and pasture consumption. On warm-season grasses liveweight gains and pasture consumption are lower due to the lower average quality of such grasses. Nevertheless, their presence in the pasture enables good growth of herbage mass during the second half of summer, when cool-season grasses enter their summer dormancy. For successful grazing, there is needed planning of the required pasture area, which is dependent on the estimation of seasonal pasture consumption and seasonal pasture yield. Adequate yield utilization, pasture preservation, good herbage regrowth and seasonal pasture yield can be achieved by applying the proper grazing method. The complexity of management and the required inner fencing of the pasture also depend on the chosen method of grazing. Arable-based pastures have high expected pasture yields, while permanent grassland pastures have low. High yields are associated with high total body mass gains per unit area. Pasture yields can be increased by amelioration and appropriate agricultural techniques.
Keywords
ispaša
prirast junadi
grass-fed proizvodnja
metode napasivanja
Keywords (english)
pasture
beef cattle liveweight gain
grass-fed beef
grazing methods
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:151:131084
Study programme Title: Ecological Agriculture Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekološke poljoprivrede (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekološke poljoprivrede)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Public note diplomski rad
Created on 2023-02-09 12:59:50