| Abstract | U ovom radu je opisan proces proizvodnje kamilice i sve proizvodne mjere u proizvodnji kamilice na OPG-u „Brezec“. Cilj uzgoja je cvjetna glavica koja je sirovina za kozmetičku, prehrambenu, medicinsku i druge industrije. Kamilica je cijenjena zbog svoje farmakološke raznolikosti i često se naziva "univerzalnim lijekom". Njena ljekovita vrijednost je izuzetno velika, a dobar je antireumatik, antibakterijski, sedativ i antiseptik, a može se koristiti kao blagi anestetik, dezinficijens i fungicid. Kamilica pripada kulturnoj skupini vrlo pogodnoj za uzgoj. Dobra je pretkultura za većinu usjeva, nema posebnih meteoroloških zahtjeva i uspješno raste na gotovo svim tipovima tala osim na vrlo rahlim vapnenastim tlima. Tehnologija proizvodnje kamilice nije komplicirana do kraja berbe i predobrade, a tada je potrebno imati kombajn, sušaru, kao i razne strojeve poput separatora za rezanje blokova, separatora za stabljike i cvjetove, liniju za pakiranje određene vrste ambalaže, što predstavlja značajnu početnu investiciju za ovu vrstu proizvodnje. Kamilica nije zahtjevna za plodnost tla i gnojidbu, a štetnici i bolesti ne uzrokuju veće štete. Problemi koji se mogu pojaviti tijekom sadnje su suha jesen koja može uzrokovati probleme s klijanjem, korov koji može ugušiti mlade kamilice i zagaditi one koje su spremne za berbu. Tijekom berbe veliki problem može predstavljati prekomjerno opadanje kamilice, koje uzrokuje kiša i vjetar. Nakon žetve provodi se sušenje i prethodna dorada za što postoje različita tehnička rješenja. Veliki interes za proizvodnjom kamilice ne iznenađuje, jer kamilica je jako profitabilna kultura nakon povećih početnih ulaganja. Stoga, na OPG-u „Brezec“ kamilica se uspješno uzgaja već nekoliko godina te s obzirom na pozitivan financijski rezultat, planira se povećanje proizvodnje u budućnosti. |
| Abstract (english) | This paper describes the process of chamomile production and all production measures of chamomile production at family farm "Brezec". The goal of cultivation is the flower head, which is a raw material for the cosmetic, food, medical and other industries. Chamomile is valued for its pharmacological diversity and is often referred to as the "universal medicine". Its medicinal value is extremely high, and it is a good antirheumatic, antibacterial, sedative and antiseptic, and can be used as a mild anesthetic, disinfectant and fungicide. Chamomile belongs to a cultural group that is very suitable for cultivation. It is a good pre-culture for most crops, has no special meteorological requirements and grows successfully on almost all soil types except very loose calcareous soils. Chamomile production technology is not complicated until the end of harvesting and pre-processing, and then it is necessary to have a harvester, a dryer, as well as various machines such as separators for cutting blocks, separators for stems and flowers, a packaging line for a certain type of packaging, which represents a significant initial investment for this type of production. Chamomile is not demanding on soil fertility and fertilization, and pests and diseases do not cause major damage. Problems that can occur during planting are a dry fall that can cause germination problems, weeds that can suffocate young chamomiles and pollute those that are ready for harvest. During harvest, a big problem can be excessive shedding of chamomile, which is caused by rain and wind. After harvesting, drying and preliminary processing are carried out, for which there are various technical solutions. The great interest in the production of chamomile is not surprising, because chamomile is a very profitable crop after larger initial investments. Therefore, at family farm "Brezec" chamomile has been successfully grown for several years, and in view of the positive financial result, it is planned to increase production in the future. |
