Abstract | Cilj istraživanja:
Svrha ovog rada je bolje razumijevanje primjene topkalnih lijekova tijekom trudnoće i
laktacije za najčešće dermatološke pojave koje se tada pojavljuju. Sistematizirani su noviji
podaci o lijekovima registriranim u Republici Hrvatskoj i ukratko opisan njihov
farmakoterapijski učinak te utjecaj na plod tijekom trudnoće odnosno dijete tijekom laktacije.
Klinička ispitivanja na trudnicama i dojiljama nisu etički prihvatljiva stoga se svi podaci temelje
na iskustvu, prijavljenim nuspojavama ili ispitivanjima na životinjama, ali najvažniji korak je
ispravno procijeniti korist koju lijek može imati te mogući rizik po majku ili dijete.
Materijali i metode:
Pri izradi ovog rada korištena je aktualna literatura o primjeni lijekova u vrijeme
trudnoće i laktacije, udžbenici iz farmakologije, farmakoterapijski priručnik, registar lijekova
u RH, te bibliografska baza podataka PubMed. Prilikom pretraživanja baze podataka PubMed
korištene su ključne riječi: topical drugs during pregnancy and lactation, dermatics and
pregnancy, skin in pregnancy, skin changes and pregnancy te nazivi pojedinih dermatoza ili
skupine lijekova povezanih s primjenom u trudnoći i/ili laktaciji.
Rezultati:
Tijekom trudnoće potrebna je dodatna i pravilna njega kože i kose. Preporučuju se blage
hidratantne kreme za lice i mlijeko za tijelo bez konzervansa tipa parabena i jakih mirisa. Na
suncu je potreban oprez nisu potrebna sunčanja, a tijekom izlaganja potrebno je nositi šešir i na
izložene dijelove tijela namazati kreme s mineralnom UV zaštitnom. U većini trudnica koža
postaje sjajna i ljepša što se pravilnom njegom može još istaknuti.
Zaključak:
Zbog prilagodbe organizma na promjene koje se događaju tijekom trudnoće neke kožne
promjene su neizbježne. Infekcije kože česta su pojava u općoj populaciji pa tako i kod trudnica
i dojilja, pigmentacija kože, najčešće na licu, normalna je pojava no pojačat ju može izlaganje
suncu pa se preporuča korištenja zaštitne kreme, a spontano se povlači nakon poroda. Strije se
pojavljuju u drugoj polovini trudnoće na području trbuha, bokova te grudi zbog povećanja
težine i naglog rastezanja kože. Malo je tvari koje će spriječiti njihov nastanak. Cirkulacija se
mijenja, pod kožom se povećava što dovodi do pojave crvenila u licu, vidljivijih žila vena na
površini kože te hemoroida. Lučenje žlijezda lojnica pojačano je u trudnoći što dovodi do
nastanka akni posebice u prvom tromjesečju, kosa i ostale dlake postaju vidljivije za razliku
nakon poroda kada kosa otpada.
Upravo zato što je sve pojačano u trudnoći svi preparati naneseni na kožu puno jače se
apsorbiraju u dublje slojeve kože pa tako i sistemsku cirkulaciju što nam daje uputu o većem
oprezu. |
Abstract (english) | Objectives:
The main objective of this research is to better understand the use of topical drugs
during pregnancy and lactation for the most common dermatological manifestations occurring
at that time. Newer data on medicines registered in the Croatia have been systematized and their
pharmacotherapeutic effect and their effect on pregnancy during pregnancy and / or lactation
are briefly described. Clinical trials on pregnant women and nursing mothers are not ethically
acceptable, so all data is based on experience, reported adverse reactions, or animal testing, but
the most important step is to properly assess the benefit the drug may have and the potential
risk for the mother or child.
Materials and Methods:
The current literature on the use of medicines during pregnancy and lactation,
pharmacology textbooks, pharmacotherapeutic manuals, the register of medicines in the
Republic of Croatia and the PubMed bibliographic database were used during this work. When
searching the PubMed database these keywords were used: topical drugs during pregnancy and
lactation, dermatics and pregnancy, skin in pregnancy, skin changes and pregnancy, and the
names of certain dermatoses or groups associated with pregnancy and / or lactation.
Results:
During pregnancy, additional and proper skin and hair care is required. Mild hydrating
face creams and body milk are recommended with no paraffin preservative and strong odor.
There is no need for sunburn in the sun, and during the exposure it is necessary to wear a hat
and apply mineral wrap to the exposed body parts. In most pregnant women, the skin becomes
shiny and beautiful, which can be emphasized by proper care.
Conclusion:
Due to adaptation of the body to changes that occur during pregnancy some skin
changes are inevitable. Skin infections are common in the general population, so in pregnant
women and breastfeeding, skin pigmentation, most commonly on the face, is a normal
occurrence, but it can be intensified by exposure to sunlight, so it is recommended to use
protective cream and spontaneously withdraw after birth. Strokes appear in the second half of
pregnancy in the area of the abdomen, the hips and the breast due to increased weight and
sudden stretching of the skin. There are few substances that will prevent their emergence.
Circulation changes, under the skin it increases, resulting in redness in the face, more visible
vascular veins on the surface of the skin and hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoid gland intensifies in
pregnancy leading to acne, especially in the first trimester, hair and other hair becomes more
visible in contrast to postpartum when hair falls.
Precisely because it is all intensified during pregnancy, all the preparations applied to the skin
are absorbed much more deeply into the deeper layers of the skin, and so is the systemic
circulation that gives us more caution. |