Gels are semi-solid, three-dimensional polymer based matrix systems that are commonly used in the treatment of infective gynecological diseases. Pharmaceutical characterization is a very important step in the optimization of efficiency, safety and acceptablity of vagina! therapy. This thesis presents existing experience in the application of gels for vagina! drug delivery. Most important scientific results of research in the field are featured, including vagina! gels that are currently in the developmental stages or already present in the market, with particular emphasis on the challenges clinicians and researchers encounter during the development of such drug delivery systems. As compared to other vagina! drug delivery systems, vagina! gels show improved bioavailability of the incorporated drug, relatively simple preparation, low price and good acceptability by patients. During the development and quality control of vagina! drug delivery systems considerable attention should be paid to the optimization of the formulation, particularly parameters such as drug release, hydrophilicity/lipophilicity, distribution and vagina! retention, rheological properties and biodhesiveness.