Nanoparticles are new drug delivery systems with a particle size ranging from 1 O nm to 1000 nm. The use of nano size therapeutic systems, such as a polymer, inorganic and solid lipid nanoparticles provides targeted drug delivery, controlled release, protection of drug from degradation and reduction of side effects, due to the reduction of systematic absorption. Transportation of nanoparticles through the skin depends on a number of factors, including the nature and physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles, the nature of the active substance and the skin condition. Nanoparticles which interact with the stratum corneum lipids usually lead to a greater degree of penetration, as commonly observed for lipid nanoparticles, while polymeric systems, usually limit the skin permeation of substances. Nanostructured materials are very promising drug delivery systems for topical application, because of their numerous advantages over conventional forms. Therefore, it is increasingly being used both in cosmetic purposes, as well as in the treatment of skin diseases such as skin cancer and vitiligo. However, there are still some challenges related to the application of these systems to different classes of active substances.