Objectives The aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of immunomodulators in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, that is, to learn about their efficacy, advantages and disadvantages over other drugs used in therapy. Also, the aim of the paper is to describe the current knowledge about potential problems in treatment, as well as future challenges in the development of even more effective immunomodulators, based on the data collected. Materials and methods Papers published in scientific journals, databases and books in the field of dermatology were used in the preparation of this thesis, with emphasis on the role of the immunomodulators in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Online databases were used to search the literature (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Croatia database). Results Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases in children with increasing incidence in adulthood. It results from the interaction between genetic predisposition, environment, impaired skin barrier function and immune response. Therapeutic goals include maintaining the integrity of the epidermal barrier and reducing inflammation due to immune dysregulation to achieve control of disease exacerbations and prevent their occurrence and increase patients' quality of life while minimizing potential side effects of treatment. The most commonly used drugs in therapy are topical corticosteroids. Due to their side effects, topical calcineurin inhibitors were introduced into therapy and their use was associated with a potential risk of developing malignancy, which has not been confirmed by large multicenter studies. Although topical drugs are the mainstay of treatment of atopic dermatitis, the options are limited for more severe forms of disease which require systemic immunosuppressants that target nonspecific suppression of immune function, and this approach may not be a treatment option because of the potential increased risk of serious side effects. Immunomodulatory therapy for atopic dermatitis is currently aimed at normalizing immune dysfunction without systemic immune suppression by developing drugs that specifically target components of immune dysregulation such as the recently approved biological drug dupilumab and topical crisaborol. Conclusion Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic, recurrent disease that cannot be cured, but with a properly designed therapeutic approach, we can significantly affect patients' quality of life. Treatment is a challenge because of the individual variability of symptoms and must be tailored to each individual patient. Classic topical and systemic immunomodulators and newer generations of immunomodulators such as topical calcineurin inhibitors and biological drugs are used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. With more insight into the immune role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis new drugs are being developed, both biological drugs and small molecules, that target specific components of the immune system and thus open up the possibility for precision medicine in the future. Pharmacists are the most accessible healthcare professionals for adequate patient education, which is key to achieving better adherence.