The great diversity of electroanalytical methods allows the application of electrochemistry to various stages of drug research and development. Electrochemistry can be used at the early stage of drug research for electroorganic synthesis of pharmacologically interesting molecules and screening the activity. There are several examples showing the relationship between redox potential and the pharmacological properties of drugs. Electroanalytical techniques have been used widely in studying the redox mechanism of many biologically significant molecules. Knowledge of the mechanism of electrode reactions can give a useful clue in elucidation of the mechanism of their interaction with living cell. Interactions of drugs with metal ions, protein or DNA may be studied using modern electroanalytical techniques. Electrochemical methods cover a large domain of investigation in drug analysis. Those techniques are well suited for the determination of drugs in various samples, that is, raw material, pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids. The principal advantage of those methods is that the excipients do not interfere, and extraction procedure is not necessary. They are a rapid technique that has been applied successfully for trace measurements of important pharmaceutical compounds thanks to the high sensitivity and selectivity that it provides. Only selected examples demonstrating the applicability in biological media or in dosage forms of these methods for various classes of drugs are described. A review of the principles and applications of modern electroanalytical techniques is presented.