This survey gives an insight into the knowledge, skills and attitudes that reached to the very limits of science and appeared on Croatian soil in the period from about the 2nd century B.C.: to the 5th century, that is, in the Greek - Roman and Early Christian era before the rule of the first national rulers. This era was followed by the Pre-Romance period (5th - 11th cent.), which is also mentioned in the paper. In the early development stages of the culture on Croatian soil, diverse magic and miraculous occurrences were ascribed to natural phenomena. After that, the ability to observe got sharper and experience riper. Like elsewhere in Europe, it was than that myths retreated before reason, that is, logos took over from mythos and became equivalent to empirical science. Pharmacy, medicine and metrology have left most material evidence of their development on the historical soil of Croatia. The major part of Croatian archaeological heritage, which helps to study the scientific thought, consists of obj ects made of bronze and glass, as well as stone monuments. There are a large number of archaeological objects that used to belong and still belong to the pharmaceutical profession.