Eye diseases, especially those affecting the posterior segment of the eye, such as diabetic retinopathy, senile macular degeneration, cataract and glaucoma, are recognized as the leading cause of blindness in developed countries, adversely affecting the patient's quality of life. Complex and robust eye anatomy and unfavorable ocular pharmacokinetics of the indicated drugs reduce conventional therapy to topical dosage forms of low bioavailability and invasive intravital injections. Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of several α, D-glucopyranose units interconnected by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. They appear as a truncated cone with a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic central cavity, enabling the formation of inclusion complexes. In this thesis, the potential of cyclodextrins in the development of topical dosage forms of drugs used in the therapy of ophthalmic diseases with a high risk of vision loss was discussed. It was found that the use of cyclodextrin in the formulations of dorzolamide, dexamethasone and latanoprost ensures the entrapment of a therapeutically relevant dose in a volume suitable for ophthalmic use, and their use results in an increased concentration of drugs in the tear film and the posterior segment of the eye. In the eye drop formulation with diclofenac sodium, the use of cyclodextrin enables the dissolution of the therapeutic dose of the drug, avoiding the need for surfactants, and enabling preservation by using a more physiologically tolerable preservative. Also, owing to the mucoadhesive properties of cyclodextrin aggregates, controlled release and prolonged retention of the drug in the tear film is obtained with less irritation, discomfort and burning sensation after topical administration. The solubilizing and stabilizing properties of cyclodextrin can be further improved by forming ternary and quaternary complexes, where hypromellose showed the highest potential.