Objectives The prevalence of neuropathic pain is estimated between 7 and 10 % in the general population and standard pharmacological treatments are effective in less than 50 % of patients and often are associated with undesirable side-effects that limit their use. The aim of this specialistic work is to research clinical scientific knowledge about efficacy and safety of selected natural products in the treatment of neuropathic pain in order to examine new therapeutic options for this type of pain. Material and Methods Research in this work is of theoretical character and includes an overview of the available literature on the up-to-date scientific knowledge about selected natural products in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Electronic bibliographic databases such as PubMed (Medline), Science Direct, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant literature for this work. European Union herbal monographs and assessment reports were also an important source of information. Results Based on established mechanisms of action and preclinical research, these are natural products and plant species that have potential in treating neuropathic pain: capsaicin, cannabinoids, curcumin, evening primrose, saffron and St John's wort. Best evidence has local use of the capsaicin patch (8 %) in the treatment of postherpetic, diabetic neuropathy and neuropathy associated with HIV. Quality of the evidence was moderate or very low, mainly due to the small number of studies and insufficient number of participants. Despite a large number of studies with cannabinoids, evidence of efficacy is still lacking. Oromucosal spray with cannabinoids (2.7 mg THC/2.5 mg CBD) reduces the pain and sleep disorders in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain and central neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis. Two studies have shown beneficial effects of different formulations of curcumin on peripheral neuropathies. Likewise, clinical studies that prove beneficial effects for evening primrose, saffron and St John's wort in treating neuropathic pain are lacking (one or two relevant studies). Conclusion Large, well-designed and controlled studies are needed for these herbal substances and species to provide strong evidence of their possible efficacy and safety in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Encouraging the use of natural products in the treatment of this type of pain can reduce the use and side effects of conventional drugs and increase the quality of life of patients.