Objectives: The aim of this paper is to review and describe the current pharmacological therapy (both approved and unapproved) used in the treatment of anxiety disorders. New pharmacotherapeutic agents being tested for the treatment of anxiety disorders will be presented. Materials and methods: A systematic review of scientific and professional literature will be done during the preparation of the specialist paper. Current therapeutic guidelines for the treatment of anxiety disorders, publications of professional associations and institutions, and the drug database of the Agency for Medicines and Medical Products will be searched. Results: These studies have shown that modern treatment of anxiety disorders includes psychopharmacological treatment and psychotherapy, alone or in combination (the combination showed the best effect in treatment). According to the current guidelines for the treatment of anxiety disorders, the first choice are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (for all disorders), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SNRIs (for some), and pregabalin (only for generalized anxiety disorder). Few studies have been conducted directly comparing benzodiazepines with SSRI and SNRI antidepressants. Resistance to first-line treatment is a major clinical challenge, a patient should be considered treatment-resistant if both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy have proven ineffective. Conclusion: Due to the positive benefit-risk ratio, SSRI and SNRI antidepressants are recommended as the standard in the treatment of anxiety disorders. There is no clear superiority in the effectiveness of any antidepressant from the group of SSRIs and SNRIs, and the choice of therapy is based on a favorable interaction profile and side effects. The risk-benefit ratio is most favorable for venlafaxine, escitalopram and sertaline, so they should be the first line of treatment. Although benzodiazepines are not considered the first line of treatment, recently their great contribution to the rapid response and favorable outcome of the treatment of anxiety disorders has been questioned again. The paper provides an overview of drugs that are being studied in various phases of clinical trials for their potential in the treatment of anxiety disorders. One strategy pursued in drug development is to refine and improve compounds that interact with existing anxiolytic drug targets, such as serotoninergic and prototypical GABAergic benzodiazepines.