Objectives: The goal of this thesis is to present an overview of today's therapeutic possibilities in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and significant scientific knowledge related to their efficacy and safety. Materials and methods: For this purpose, currently available professional and scientific literature, including publications of the European Medicines Agency and the Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Croatia drug database and other available sources were examined in the period from the pandemic onset in 2019 until September 2023. Results: Vaccines (mRNA, protein, vector or inactivated vaccines) and medicinal products (antiviral monoclonal antibodies, oral antiviral medicinal products, immunomodulators, antivirals for systemic use) that are currently approved for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease are presented in one place. Conclusion: Due to the exceptional efforts of the professional and scientific public from the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, today there are effective vaccines and medicinal products against COVID-19 disease with an acceptable safety profile. COVID-19 vaccines have gone through extensive clinical trials involving tens of thousands of participants to ensure their safety and efficacy. Based on these data, they received regulatory approval for their placement on the market. Due to continuous vaccine research and development, there are now adapted vaccines that provide better protection against the prevailing variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. While the COVID-19 vaccines are primarily designed for the prevention of COVID-19 disease, today's available medicinal products can be used to treat individuals already infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and thus contribute to controlling and reducing the progression of the disease immediately after their administration. Since the situation with the COVID-19 disease is dynamic, it is crucial to follow the latest guidelines and recommendations from health authorities and experts regarding the latest information on COVID-19 treatment and prevention.