In this paper we have analysed the rheological and chemical properties of olive fruit depending on the cultivar and fruit maturity by using the repeated measures analysis of variance with the interaction between cultivar and fruit maturity. Springiness and hardness as rheological properties as well as dry matter as a chemical property of the fruit were examined. We observed four cultivars: ’Oblica’, ’Leccino’, ’Lastovka’ and ’Coratina’, and three harvest periods that were determined by the colour of the olive fruit during ripening. The data we processed were collected as a part of the project ”Analysis of textural profile as a factor in processing characteristics and evaluation of biodiversity of autochthonous olive cultivars” conducted by the Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation in Split during September and October 2019 in the olive orchard Jagoda Alfirević in Kaštel Sućurac. The emphasis of the paper was on the practical application of the repeated measures analysis of variance and the interpretation of the results obtained using the glm procedure in SAS. Before practical application, the first chapter explains the statistical concepts that we used in the following chapter. For all three dependant variables (fruit springiness, hardness and dry matter) there is a statistically significant difference between cultivars in each of the three harvest periods. In terms of fruit springiness, in the first and third harvest period a statistically significant difference between cultivars is found at ’Lastovka’ with regard to the remaining three observed cultivars, while in the second harvest period a statistically significant difference between cultivars is detected at ’Lastovka’ with regard to ’Oblica’ and ’Leccino’. As for fruit hardness, in the first and third harvest period a statistically significant difference between cultivars is detected at the cultivar ’Leccino’ with regard to ’Lastovka’ and ’Oblica’, while in the second harvest period a statistically significant difference between cultivars is found at ’Leccino’ with regard to the remaining three observed cultivars. In the case of fruit dry matter, in the first harvest period a statistically significant difference between cultivars is made by ’Oblica’ with regard to ’Lastovka’ and ’Leccino’, in the second harvest period there is a statistically significant difference between every pair of cultivars, while in the third harvest period there is a statistically significant difference between ’Coratina’ and remaining three observed cultivars. Furthermore, there is a statistically significant difference in fruit springiness and hardness between cultivars, however there is no statistically significant difference between harvest periods and the interaction ”harvest period*cultivar” is not statistically significant. Finally, it was concluded that both difference in fruit dry matter between cultivars and a difference in harvest periods were found to be statistically significant, as well as the interaction ”harvest period*cultivar”.