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undergraduate thesis
Mehanizmi uključeni u evoluciju spolnih kromosoma – opće prihvaćene teorije i nova alternativna paradigma
Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, 2022. urn:nbn:hr:217:939050
Protrka, Marta
University of Zagreb
Faculty of Science
Department of Biology

Institutional repository: Repository of the Faculty of Science

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Protrka, M. (2022). Mehanizmi uključeni u evoluciju spolnih kromosoma – opće prihvaćene teorije i nova alternativna paradigma (Undergraduate thesis). Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science. Retrieved from https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:939050

Protrka, Marta. "Mehanizmi uključeni u evoluciju spolnih kromosoma – opće prihvaćene teorije i nova alternativna paradigma." Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, 2022. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:939050

Protrka, Marta. "Mehanizmi uključeni u evoluciju spolnih kromosoma – opće prihvaćene teorije i nova alternativna paradigma." Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, 2022. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:939050

Protrka, M. (2022). 'Mehanizmi uključeni u evoluciju spolnih kromosoma – opće prihvaćene teorije i nova alternativna paradigma', Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, accessed 22 November 2024, https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:939050

Protrka M. Mehanizmi uključeni u evoluciju spolnih kromosoma – opće prihvaćene teorije i nova alternativna paradigma [Undergraduate thesis]. Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science; 2022 [cited 2024 November 22] Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:939050

M. Protrka, "Mehanizmi uključeni u evoluciju spolnih kromosoma – opće prihvaćene teorije i nova alternativna paradigma", Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Zagreb, 2022. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:939050

Metadata
TitleMehanizmi uključeni u evoluciju spolnih kromosoma – opće prihvaćene teorije i nova alternativna paradigma
Title (english)Mechanisms of sex chromosome evolutionclassical theories and novel alternative paradigm
AuthorMarta Protrka
MentorVišnja Besendorfer (mentor)
GranterUniversity of Zagreb
Faculty of Science
(Department of Biology)
Zagreb
Defense date and country2022-09-20, Croatia
Scientific / art field,
discipline and subdiscipline		NATURAL SCIENCES
Biology
Abstract
Spolni kromosomi definiraju se kao kromosomi koji sadrže spolno-određujuće gene koji preusmjeravaju razvoj jedinke na ženski ili muški spol. Teorije o njihovom nastanku i evoluciji pojavile su se još početkom 20. stoljeća i neke pretpostavke su prihvaćene i danas. Osnovna teorija o nastanku XX/XY heteromorfnih spolnih kromosoma je o primarnoj pojavi gena koji je glavni regulator spola na jednom od autosoma te on i njegov homologni kromosom postaju spolni kromosomi. Predak na kojem se pojavljuju takvi spolni kromosomi smatra se ili hermafrodit ili jedinka odvojenih spolova koje determiniraju okolišni faktori. Zatim kroz niz genskih promjena, od kojih je najistaknutija inverzija, dolazi do supresije njihove rekombinacije. Zatim dolazi do degradacije Y kromosoma i pojave kompenzacijske doze. Analogno se objašnjava i ZZ/ZW sustav ženske heterogametnosti. Međutim novija istraživanja pokazuju kako evolucija spolnih kromosoma nije toliko linearna te se dovodi u pitanje mehanizam svake od pretpostavljenih stadija evolucije. Također kroz razvoj teorija o evoluciji spolnih kromosoma kroz prošlost bio je zanemaren i ekološki utjecaj koji se u novije vrijeme više istražuje. Ovaj rad predstavlja pregled i usporedbu nekih od glavnih točaka klasičnih i novijih teorija evolucije spolnih kromosoma.
Abstract (english)
Sex chromosomes are defined as chromosomes which contain sex-defining genes which direct the development of an individual to either the female or the male sex. Theories of their emergence and evolution were made at the beginning of the 20th century and some of them are considered valid, even today. The classical theory of the creation of XX/XY heteromorphic sex chromosomes is based on the emergence of a master sex-regulator on one of the autosomes by which it and its homolog became sex chromosomes. The ancestor which obtained such sex chromosomes is considered to be either a hermaphrodite or a species which has environmental sex determination. The next step is suppression of recombination through an assortment of different genetic changes, the most important one being inversion. Afterwards would be the degradation of the Y chromosome and the emergence of dosage compensation. The ZZ/ZW system of female heterogamety is explained accordingly. Despite classical theories having abundance of evidence, newer research shows that the evolution of sex chromosomes is not that linear, and the mechanisms of each stage are being questioned. Also, in forming classical theories of sex chromosomes evolution in the past the influence of ecology was often overlooked, which will be briefly touched upon here. This paper introduces a review and comparison of some key points in classical and alternative theories of sex chromosome evolution.
Keywords
Keywords (english)
Languagecroatian
URN:NBNurn:nbn:hr:217:939050
Study programmeTitle: Molecular Biology
Study programme type: university
Study level: undergraduate
Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
Type of resourceText
File originBorn digital
Access conditionsOpen access
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Created on2022-10-04 12:45:28