Title Diracovi polumetali, traženje novih putova sinteze monokristala BaNiS2 te WC
Title (english) Dirac semimetals; finding new routes in synthesis of BaNiS2 and WC single crystals
Author Petar Sačer
Mentor Mario Novak (mentor)
Committee member Mario Novak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Ivan Kupčić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Ivan Kokanović (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Zoran Rukelj (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Damjan Pelc (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb Faculty of Science (Department of Physics) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2022-10-17, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline NATURAL SCIENCES Physics
Abstract Topološki polumetali su klasa novih materijala budućnosti. Transportna svojstva kristalnih materijala definirana su strukturom njihovih elektronskih vrpci. U metalima se valentna i vodljiva vrpca preklapaju pa su takvi sustavi vodljivi. Kod poluvodiča, izmedu valentne i vodljive vrpce, postoji procijep u energetskom spektru i sustavi nisu vodljivi. Stoga se često dopiraju da se poveća njihova vodljivost i postanu tehnološki zanimljivi. Kod topoloških polumetala elektronske se vrpce dotiču u točkama i linijama u prvoj Brillouinovoj zoni (BZ). Doticanje ili presijecanje vrpci implicira njihovu degeneraciju, što je kvantnomehanički zabranjeno Paulijevim principom isključenja (bez uključivanja spina). Vrpce, unatoč tome, u topološkim polumetalima ostaju degenerirane zbog simetrija prisutnih u takvim sustavima. Najznačajnije su one vremenske i prostorne inverzije te strukturne kao što su invarijantnost na rotaciju ili simetrije na vijčane osi te ravninske simetrije s klizanjem, koje daju posebne kvantne brojeve elektronskim vrpcama, tako štiteći degeneraciju čak i na velike vanjske perturbacije. Topološki polumetali trodimenzionalne su strukture, a fascinantna svojstva koja posjeduju, ne samo da se nalaze na površini kao kod topoloških izolatora, već i u dubinskim stanjima (eng. bulk). Tako se na površini mogu nalaziti Fermijevi lukovi koji povezuju projekcije Diracovih točaka na 2D površinu BZ. Izrazito velika negativna magnetootpornost posljedica je kiralne anomalije i često je potpis topoloških polumetala. Nodalnim linijskim Diracovim polumetalima, čiji je predstavnik i BaNiS^2, vrpce se sijeku/ dotiču po liniji u okolini Fermijeve energije. U ovom radu naglasak je stavljen na sintezu navedenog sustava i dobivanje visokokvalitetnih kristala. Korištene su fluks i CVT (eng. chemical-vapour transport) metoda sinteze, sveukupno na 6 različitih načina. Sintetizirani su kristali veličine do oko 1 mm koji su analizirani strukturnom rendgenskom analizom (XRD), fluourescencijskom spektroskopijom (XRF) te mjerenjem otpornosti do 4 K. Mjerena temperaturna ovisnost otpora pokazuje metalno ponašanje s anomalnim pikom na 50 K za koji se još treba utvrditi uzrok. Drugi proučavani sustav je volframov karbid (WC) koji pripada skupini materijala s trostrukom degeneracijom elektronskih vrpci zaštićenih rotacijskom simetrijom. Uz modificiranu visoko temperaturnu peć omogućena je sinteza u inertnoj atmosferi argona na 1800 °C te su dobiveni visokokvalitetni kristali veličine i do 5 mm. Najbolji uzorci analizirani su Laue rendgenskom difrakcijom te je potvrđena heksagonalna struktura, a izmjerena je i otpornost do 2 K u magnetskom polju koja pokazuje metalno temperaturno ponašanje. Izmjerena je i ovisnost otpornosti o magnetskom polju do 7 T pri raznim temperaturama te pokazuje relativno jak ne saturirajući magnetootpor.
Abstract (english) Topological semimetals are new materials of promising future. Electron bands are those that give materials their transport properties. Common semimetals have gapped electronic states whereas in topological semimetals bands cross at points or lines in the Brillouin zone at Fermi energy. Crossing implies degeneracy which is forbidden by quantum mechanics due to Pauli’s principle of exclusion. Bands nevertheless stay degenerate because of symmetries in the system. The most important symmetries are time reversal, inversion symmetry and symmetries related to rotational invariance, which gives special quantum numbers to electron bands, protecting the degeneracy even when the large perturbation is present. Topological semimetals are three-dimensional structures with fascinating properties. Not only they have protected conductive surface states, but also bulk states are conductive. On the surface, Fermi arcs exist, which connect projections of bulk degeneracy of Dirac nodes on the two-dimensional surface of 3D Brillouin zone. Large longitudinal magnetoresistance, due to chiral anomaly, is the most important signature of topological semimetals. In the nodal line Dirac semimetals, bands cross each other in a line in BZ at Fermi energy, and BaNiS2 is their famous representative. This work highlights the synthesis of this system and getting high-quality single crystals. Flux and CVT methods were used in 6 different ways. Crystals synthesized are approximately 1 mm in length and were analyzed with XRD, XRF analysis and low-temperature resistance measurement was performed down to 4 K. Graph shows usual behavior down to 50 K where unusual peak exists. Tungsten carbide belongs to three-fold electron band degeneracy material protected by its rotational symmetry. The high-temperature furnace was modified and the synthesis was done in an inert argon atmosphere reaching temperatures up to 1800 °C. The biggest crystal-synthesized is 5 mm in length and was analyzed with Laue diffraction where its hexagonal structure was confirmed. Crystals were analyzed with XRF spectroscopy, which showed traces of other metals and Co flux. Temperature dependence of resistivity was performed for various magnetic fields which shows usual metal behavior down to 2 K, without special features. Magnetic field dependent resistivity has also been measured for various temperatures.
Keywords
topološki polumetali
Diracovi linijski polumetali
električna otpornost
sinteza jediničnih kristala
strukturna analiza
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:217:100466
Study programme Title: Physics; specializations in: Research Course: Research Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra fizike (magistar/magistra fizike)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2022-12-19 12:24:16