In the scope of this thesis, new tertiary diamondoid ethers consisting of adamantane and diamantane subunits directly connected by an oxygen atom were prepared. In addition to classical synthesis in solution/melt, mechanochemical synthesis was also carried out, which showed numerous advantages compared to classical synthesis. The self-organization of the newly prepared compounds in 2D and 3D space was investigated using the technique of scanning tunneling microscopy, the technique of helium nanodroplets and the technique of single crystal X-ray diffraction. Ordered self-assembly of diamondoid ethers was observed, whereby the manner of self-organization was a consequence of the initial geometrical structures of the investigated molecules and the process was governed by spatial intermolecular interactions. For additional characterization of the formed surface layers, computational analysis was used in order to clarify the influence of oxygen atoms on the orientation of molecules with respect to the surface, while London dispersion interactions between diamondoid cages were confirmed as a driving force for the self-organization of the adsorbed molecules. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analyses confirmed the existence of phase transformations of diamondoid ethers in the solid state.